Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1033-1034

Abstract: The chemical compositions and viscosity-temperature characteristic of Pistacia Chinensis methyl ester (PCME) are investigated. Viscosity-temperature equations are proposed for predicting kinematic viscosity of PCME,PCME/0 petrodiesel (0PD) and PCME/-10 petrodiesel (-10PD) at different temperature. The objective is to show that PCME is mainly composed of fatty acid methyl esters of 14-24 even-numbered C atoms: C_14:0-C_24:0, C_16:1-C_22:1, C_18:2-C_20:2 and C_18:3. The kinematic viscosity (40 °C) of PCME is 5.99mm²/s. PCME has higher kinematic viscosity and unfavorable viscosity temperature characteristic. An approach to reduce viscosity and enhance viscosity-temperature characteristic is put forward: blending with 0 PD or-10PD.

Abstract: Microwave pyrolysis of coal is a new research method for deeply processing of low rank coal. This paper conducted comparative study on microwave co-pyrolysis products of low rank coal in CO₂ and N₂ atmosphere. The composition and content of tar and bluecoke were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the yields of liquid products in CO₂ and N₂ atmosphere were 20.6% and 18.0% respectively, and the yields of bluecoke were 62.0% and 65.8%. Bluecoke obtained from CO₂ pyrolysis atmosphere had the lower content of fixed carbon and oxygenic functional groups, but the higher content of volatile. There was the lower content of aromatic hydrocarbons and the higher content of oxygenic functional groups in the tar produced in CO₂ pyrolysis atmosphere due to CO₂ gasification effect.

Abstract: Oxy-fuel combustion is a leading potential technology to capture CO₂. Because the oxygen production process is causing the largest power penalty in oxy-fuel combustion system, it is essential to cut down oxygen separation power penalty for capturing CO₂ at low cost. This paper presents the energy consumption analysis results of air separation units with three different cycles offering for oxy-fuel combustion systems. The study shows that when the gaseous oxygen compression (GOXC) cycle is selected for pressuring oxygen product stream, the specific consumption of high pressure and low purity oxygen with triple column cycle is about 6.4-7.2% less than that of with dual column cycle. And when choosing triple column cycle for oxygen production, an air separation unit with pumped liquid oxygen (PLOX) cycle is a better option than with GOXC cycle because it helps to improve plant safety and to decrease energy consumption of high pressure oxygen products.

Abstract: The microwave-assisted hydrolysis of carbohydrate from corncob using acetic acid was investigated by response surface methodology. The sequence of variables affecting total reducing sugar concentration in the hydrolyzate was the ratio of corncob to acid solution > acid concentration > microwave heating time. The highest 84.2 g/L glucose concentration was obtained by 0.5 M acetic acid concentration with 0.40:1 corncob to acid solution ratio at 900 W microwave power for 10 min. The hydrolyzate prepared from the optimal hydrolysis condition was fermented by 8%w bakery yeast with pH 5.25 at 28°C for 62 h to achieve the optimum ethanol concentration of 32.2 g/L. This proposed that microwave-assisted organic acid hydrolysis is potential for producing fermentable sugars, and suggested that a two-step process for the ethanol is the satisfied production because of low cost, save energy consumption and friendly to environment.

Abstract: Fe₃O₄ microspheres and its composities with graphene are prepared by the controlled thermal decomposition of an iron alkoxide precursor, which are obtained via an ethylene glycol (EG) mediated solvothermal reaction of ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O) and sodium acetate (NaAc) with graphene dopings. The resulting Fe₃O₄ microspheres are uniform with a diameter of 0.2-0.5μm. Electrochemical properties of both Fe₃O₄ microspheres and Fe₃O₄/graphene composites are discussed. SEM analysis shows that a large number of Fe₃O₄ particles with spherical morphologies are homogeneously anchored to the rGO sheets surface. Electrochemical results showed that charge and discharge capacities for Fe3O4/graphene composites are larger than those for Fe₃O₄ microspheres electrodes after the 30th cycles which due to the synergistic effect of Fe₃O₄ and graphene. Graphene improves the electronic conductivity of Fe₃O₄ microspheres and increases the interfacial contact area between the Fe₃O₄ microspheres and electrolyte which is benefitable for lithium ion battery. So Fe₃O₄/graphene composites are better anode materials than Fe₃O₄ microspheres.

Abstract: Emulsion explosive is one of common industrial explosives, its performance ability is important for producer. So the experiment and theory analysis were made to improve the performance ability of emulsion explosive in this paper. The results show that: performance ability of explosive becomes bigger when oxygen balance of explosive is zero or slightly negative; Water content also has a significant impact on stability, density and explosive performance of emulsion explosive; performance ability of emulsion explosive is generally rises with density increasing. The key approaches of improving the performance ability are that improving the explosion heat and hematocrit and selecting appropriate moisture content and density, and advanced process technology also should be put to use.

Abstract: Water solution of organic amine is used widely for removing acid gases, especially for CO₂. Some water solution of amines have the property of thermally induced phase transition at the temperature of cloud point at which the solution becomes turbid. The energy consumption could be reduced with the assistance of phase transition during the process of desorption. Therefore, it is important to discover the relationship between absorption and desorption capacity of amines and its property of thermally induced phase transition. In this work, hexylamine with the property of phase transition at cloud point and butylamine without the property were selected to perform the comparative experiment of CO₂ absorption and desorption at 30-100°C. Results show that 40% water solution of hexylamine and butylamine have similar CO₂ absorption capacity, and the change of CO₂ absorption capacity of hexylamine at cloud point is not obvious. Thus it is concluded that the property of thermally induced phase transition of hexylamine would not increase its CO₂ absorption capacity.

Abstract: In this article was given the results of research of electrochemical system on a basis of iron and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) which can be used for obtaining of a chemical source of a current (CSC). Use of the given system does not suggest the application of expensive and ecologically harmful active substances. Electromotive force of a source of a current it was investigated in a water solution of iron sulphates, at a room temperature, in absence of external loading.

Abstract: To establish a reliable identification method of Pulsatilla chinesis (Bge) Regel., from its counterfeits, Potentilla chinesis Ser., we extracted the genome DNA from the leaves of these two plants collected in Jilin Province, amplified the chloroplast trnL-F region using universal primers of angiosperm, and sequenced the purified PCR products directly. The obtained sequences were edited by Genetyx and compared. Based on trnL-F sequences, we used primer PREMIER 5.0 to search the restriction sites of the two trnL-F sequences and found RsaI can be used to identify them.

Abstract: To establish a reliable identification method of Pulsatilla chinesis (Bge) Regel., from its counterfeits, Potentilla chinesis Ser., we extracted the genome DNA from the leaves of these two plants collected in Jilin Province, amplified the ITS region using ITS universal primers of angiosperm, and sequenced the purified PCR products directly. The obtained sequences were edited by Genetyx and compared. Based on ITS sequences, we used primer PREMIER 5.0 to search the restriction sites of the two ITS sequences and found BtgI can be used to identify them.