Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1065-1069

Abstract: In recent years, a large number of incidents of external fire spread up high rise buildings happened in the world. One of main reasons is that combustible organic materials, EPS, Polyurethane, etc, are used in external thermal insulation system (ETIS) for energy conservation purpose. In some incidents, fire spread in combustible organic materials couple with that from window to window make it impossible for fire fighters to prevent the external vertical fire spread up high rise buildings and caused severe damage to structures and loss of life and property. In this paper, some typical external wall fire hazards in China are described briefly, and then relative research progresses are presented. Furthermore, some research needs and possible directions of future research are proposed.

Abstract: Recently buildings have undergone many changes with more high-rise, larger and more complex structures being developed. All over the world, safety designs for buildings are being established through a variety of experiments and analysis of the planning and design stage of a comprehensive and scientific performance-based safety design for evacuation. In this study, this study seeks to present development directions for criteria related to domestic evacuation safety assessment through case studies. As a results, it is necessary to develop simulation programs as well as fire and evacuation scenarios that reflect domestic characteristics such as human behavior characteristics and space and occupants’ speed of movement so that appropriate performance-based design can be established. In addition, as the evacuation safety assessment-related standards are being manifested in building law and fire prevention regulations, it is determined that the need to develop integrated codes is immediate.

Abstract: In order to explore the impact of debris flow in large waste-dump which under the situation of rainstorm could cause disasters to the downstream region of the life and property; the research project has chosen a large waste-dump as the engineering background in Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan. According to the theory of the debris flow motion, we have made a deep analysis about the possibilities that waste-dump could cause debris flow disaster under the different frequency of rainstorm; and carried on the forecast analysis about the scope and degree of the calamity in the downstream which caused by the debris flow. The results can provide a reference for debris flow control in the lower reaches.

Abstract: Lanzhou is a mountainous city in which serious disasters have occurred due to several slope hazards. We used PS-InSAR technique to detect surface deformation: an indicator of potential hazards. In the period extending from 2003 to 2010, 41 Envisat ASAR images were captured and analyzed using PS-InSAR. We identified 27186 PS points. The deformation velocity in this area is found to being 3.5 mm/year ~ -5.4 mm/year. The results were inserted into a GIS to derive spatial interpolations and map zones with different magnitudes of surface displacement. Then, we used the analytical hierarchic process (AHP) to statistically assess the susceptibility of loess slope hazards with lithology, slope, altitude, distance to road, Ndvi, land use and aspect. According to the result of the model, the study area could be classified into three categories: stable, less unstable and unstable. Causal mechanisms include human interactions in the landscape (construction, waste water discharge, etc.) and slope instability processes (landslide, subsidence, etc.).

Abstract: China’s southeast coast is one of the regions with most severely influenced by typhoons in the world, which suffers significant casualties and huge economic losses every year. A multiple regression prediction model of the economic losses educed by typhoon disaster in coastal areas of southeastern china was proposed. The principles of multivariate regression analysis were introduced firstly and the Typhoon disaster data over the east coast of China were analyzed. Then, the affected area, deaths and houses collapsed were chose as the variables and a multivariate regression prediction model of the economic losses educed by typhoon disaster was proposed. The results indicate that the factors affecting the economic losses of typhoon disasters randomness were taken into account and the responses of the independent variables and the dependent variable from the statistical data were provided.

Abstract: By collecting field data, reconnaissance site conditions, laboratory test and numerical analysis, it can carry out seismic safety evaluation of the Minxian post-earthquake reconstruction relocated concentrated settlements. According to grasp the site characterization of relocated concentrated settlements, site classification and its potential secondary seismic and geologic hazards, the paper will be from site classification and slope stability analysis to analyze the Minxian Wangjiagou post-earthquake reconstruction settlements site safety. On the basis of the calculation of the safety coefficient, combined with the "Specification of Geological Investigation for Lanslide Stabilization" and "Code for seismic design of buildings", the paper will give the site's seismic safety evaluation.

Abstract: Establishment of earthquake elusion and dispersion layout is an effective way to reduce seismic damage.This paper takes Weifang street in Shanghai as a case to study the planning of evaculation during earthquake.Firstly,we divided the demonstration zone into six evacuation units,introduced calculation steps and statisticed the effective areas of seismic refuge , width of routes for evacuation.Secondly,the population to be evacuated were counted according to the results of Earthquake-resistant capacity of urban residence.Finally,we made a comprehensive evaluation on the ability of evacuation when demonstration zone sustained the earthquake of 6,7,8 degrees.The results show that demonstration zone can meet evacuation requirements.However,there are still some weaknesses in local partition.We pointed out weak links and gave reasonable suggestions on the planning of sites and routes for evacuation.

Abstract: According to statistic analysis of consumer fireworks-related injuries (CFRI) of domestic and overseas, the risk factors causing injuries are determined. Two methods are used to solve problem. Firstly, all the risk factors leading to injures are expressed by the Causality Diagram. Then this Causality Diagram is transferred into hierarchical structure model of AHP for quantitative analysis. By working out the model, the weight of each factor could be obtained. Thereby the significance of each factor is determined. Finally, the hinge factors leading to CFRI can be figured out as the terms of the risk-based supervision model that based on the important aspects to be focused on within self-protection and supervision for consumers in the residential community both of rural and urban, as well as industrial workers of the enterprises.

Abstract: As the disabled and the elderly are relatively lacking in the ability to cope with crisis compared to the general public, they can become major victims of casualties in the event of the outbreak of a fire in a building. The investigation of the fire trends in facilities for the old and the youth mainly used by people vulnerable to disasters revealed that the degree of casualties per fire case in such facilities was higher than the overall degree of casualties from fire. As most of the provisions in the current building evacuation regulations and crisis response systems in South Korea are devised for the health and safety of the general public, there is a lack of crisis response safety systems for people vulnerable to disasters. In this regard, this paper proposed system improvement measures to enhance the evacuation safety of the disabled and the elderly in the event of a fire in a building, through case studies of fires that occurred in disabled and elderly welfare facilities and analysis of the relevant regulations and standards.

Abstract: Zhaohe debris flow gully is located in the south foothill of Funiu Moutain, serious debris flow disasters occurred here. Now it is still threatening downstream villagers’ life and property safety directly. The geology, landform, climate and other natural environment conditions of Zhaohe valley were analyzed. It shows that Zhao He have debris flow formation conditions. A comprehensive treatment scheme including fending dikes, cleaning river, suppressing foot engineering and biological measures, was put forward based on the hazard characteristic.