Advanced Materials Research Vols. 1065-1069

Abstract: Urbanization rate of ShanDong province reached 50.9% in the end of the year 2012, setting up new choice and opportunity for further development. The basic solution lies in pursuing Green Urbanization. This paper takes samples of various indicators for city construction and development, analyzes the current situation of scientific development in the whole province and compares those of them in each city, finally gives out several suggestions on promoting urbanization development under the scientific concept of Green Urbanization.

Abstract: Shading provided by buildings affects outdoor thermal environments and, therefore, influences the long-term thermal comfort of people in outdoor spaces. This study conducted several field experiments to analyze the outdoor thermal conditions on urban streets in central business district (CBD) of Beijing. The RayMan model was utilized for calculating Sky view factor (SVF) and outdoor thermal comfort using meteorological data of one year period. Analytical results indicate that slightly shaded areas (SVF > 0.5) typically have highly frequent hot conditions during summer, particularly at noon; however, highly shaded locations (SVF < 0.3) generally reduce the intra-urban air temperature in winter; moderately shaded areas (0.3 < SVF < 0.5) show the advantage for balancing the hot conditions in summer and cold conditions in winter throughout whole year. Sky view factor can be used as a comprehensive and practical urban planning index at local scale, i.e. urban canyon street and residential estate. It provides a novelty method on scientific planning and sustainable development of city.

Abstract: Aiming at the disadvantages of current allocation pattern of water resources in the river basin, this paper first put forward the concept of water resources system friendly, and then quantified the allocation principles of water resources by constructing friendly function, and finally proposed the friendly allocation pattern of water resources with maximizing friendly function of water resources system as the objective. The friendly allocation pattern makes water resources compound system and its subsystems and the allocation principles of water resources associated with each other organically, whose concept is definite. The proposed allocation pattern was applied in the study of water resources allocation in Fuhuan River Basin in Hubei Province, whose reasonableness and validity was verified when comparing with other patterns.

Abstract: This paper analyzed and compared the genesis of the Huaihe River flood and the Mississippi River flood. Introducing the concept of Mississippi River treatment, the establishment of sea-entering channel, to govern the Huaihe River. In the site, considering the Huaihe River along geographic, cultural, economic and other factors to determine the location of sea-entering channel.

Abstract: Human-water relationship evaluation method based on cloud model is put forward to cope with the vagueness in evaluation language. With the intensive study of the specialty in human-water relationship in Northwest China arid area, three dimensions related to human-water relationship, natural water cycle’s health degree (NWHD), Social water cycle’s rationality degree (SWRD) and human-to-water fitness degree (HWFD) are selected to describe the harmony degree between water system and human system. The limit of evaluation index subordinate to each dimension corresponding to every harmony level is determined, and thus we can generate a comprehensive cloud model with evaluation index harmony level. When numeric values substitute for basic evaluation indexes, combined with the weights calculated from entropy weight method and AHP method, we get the certainty distributions of dimension indexes and integration objects among each harmony level. Case shows that human-water relationship evaluation method based on cloud model can effectively solve the vagueness and uncertainty in evaluation language. The evaluation results reflect the harmony degree in Northwest China arid area precisely.

Abstract: This paper investigated the interaction of groundwater and river in an alluvial fan of the piedmont plain zone, China. Field observations of groundwater level were performed. The three-dimensional finite element model using the simulator Feflow was used to simulate the observed groundwater level. The model was auto-calibrated against observations of groundwater head from wells distributed across the region. Good correspondence between simulated and measured water level was found for the monitored wells. The relatively small magnitudes of RMSE and MAE indicate that the predictions of the numerical model are reasonable. The water balance difference is -49.9×104m3/d, which indicates that the water balance is negative balance.

Abstract: The use of the filtration process based on zeolite for stormwater treating has been recently increased. This study reports the results obtained from a laboratory experimental testing on a treatment unit consisting of a gravel drainage layer, a filtering media composed of zelbrite (a synthetic zeolite) and silica sand. The filter media is fed with typical stormwater particulate matter (PM) loadings. The treatment performance is evaluated in terms of total suspended solids (TSS) reduction. In addition, the transformation of PM particle size distribution (PSD) through the filtering media is also determined. The findings show that TSS reduction varies from 76% to 91% for different influent PM loads.

Abstract: With the theory of ecology and ecosystem health evaluation, the factors impacting river ecosystem health are analyzed and an evaluation system is built. The connotation of river ecosystem responding to the cascade development of reservoirs is studied. The response of typical plankton, benthos, fish to cascade development is identified. According the living and breeding habits of key species, typical representatives are selected to establish the grading standards of ecological health and evaluate ecosystem health as well as the effect of eco-hydrology regulation under cascade development of typical reservoirs. Results show that the annual distribution of runoff tends to be balanced, with reduced amount of suspended sediment in downstream; species fond of shallow water and rapids suffered decreased habitat space and a decline in its number, resulting in decreased diversity of fish species; and the quality of some river segments failed to meet the standard.

Abstract: Expounding the current core theory on the nonlinear hydrological system of rainfall-runoff in practical use, such as the assumption function, the system function and kernel function, etc. Exploring several practical problems, such as the storage length of injection system, the cutting order time of kernel function and the regression coefficients at the same time. It makes this analysis method correspond to reality as well as convenient to use.

Abstract: The Mann-Keddall formula was used for precipitation distribution and variation in Xianing Port of Changsha. The results shown that most rain fell between March and August,the rainfall in these month was about 70% of the annual rainfall. Monthly precipitation between March and July was greater than annual precipitation. Annual precipitation was 1413.5mm, and had the characteristics of uneven distribution and large fluctuation. The potential volume of rainwater for utilization was 1.82×10¹²m³.