Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1113

Abstract: The study examines the efficiency of nutrients removal by a locally isolatedmicroalgae strain from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) treatment pond, Characium sp. Theexperiment was conducted in laboratory conditions at room temperature for 20 days. Sampleswere taken at a two-day interval for dry weight, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), andnutrient removal analysis as well as carotenoid, protein and lipid content. The study showedthat the COD level of POME was reduced by 45.41%. Characium sp successfully removed90.35% of ammoniacal nitrogen, 86.9% of ammonia, 87% of ammonium and 88.6% of totalnitrogen content. This species was also found to remove up to 99.1% of phosphate contentand 99.5% of phosphorus. Characium sp produced 0.78 mg/L of carotenoid, 15.24 mg/L ofprotein and 18.43 mg/L of lipid by the end of the 20-day study period.

Abstract: In this work, two types of optimization problems which are crucially related to batch reactor operation are considered. First problem is to maximize the conversion and second problem is to minimize the batch time. Both problems are solved using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) available in Aspen Plus. The manipulated variables i.e. reactor temperature and amount of palm oil are optimized simultaneously based on the specified objective function and equality constraint. Effect of intervals for both optimization problems are also evaluated in this paper. The results show that in maximizing conversion, the number of intervals did not significantly affect the amount of conversion. Meanwhile in minimizing batch time, the introduction of intervals was positively reduced the reactor temperature but negatively minimize the batch time.

Abstract: Palladium is a rare precious metal with unique physical properties that are used in diverse industrial applications and in jewellery. Due to its economic value and its limited natural resources, palladium recovery from secondary resources has assumed a great significance. Therefore, this study investigated the possibility of using Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) process for the extraction of palladium from simulated wastewater. The experiment was conducted using a mixer-settler in a batch system using 0.1 M Cyanex 302 in kerosene as a new carrier for palladium and 1.0 M Thiourea in 1.0 M H₂SO₄ as a stripping agent. The effect towards membrane stability of different parameter such as surfactant concentration, emulsifying time and agitation speed has been attempted. The results show that at favourable condition of 2% w/v of span 80, 3 minutes emulsifying time, and 200 rpm agitation speed, 94% of palladium was extracted. Hence, ELM is proven to be a very promising technique for the extraction of palladium from wastewater.

Abstract: Plants are well known for its various uses since ancient times. Plants contribution in various fields such as medical, pharmaceutical and food industry bring a lot of benefits to human capital. Especially in the medical field, plants are major contributors for medicinal drugs as it itself is rich in various medicinal agents. One of the illness that can be treated by using plants is fever. Fever can be treated by consuming non-steroids anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). However, excessive intake of synthetic drugs bring a lot of harm to the human body especially to the internal organs. Traditionally, various plant is used to cure fever, which directly indicate plants are the best sources of natural antipyretic. Thus, in this present review, activity of natural antipyretic extracted from various plants towards fever will be explained. In this review paper, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect were the sources for the published article to collect information regarding antipyretic activity. A number of 32 articles on 10 plant species are found to address antipyretic activities. This review concludes that antipyretic activity can be found indicatively in various plants throughout the world.

Abstract: In this work, the prediction of the overpressure resulting from a vapor cloud explosion (VCE) will be conducted from external area of a chemical process plant. Based on Feyzin Refinery disaster, this study will analyzed and focused on the spillage from a delayed ignition causing a VCE from the T61-443 sphere tank. TNT Mass Method and Baker-Strehlow models are used to estimate the overpressure of the explosion. The results are presented in the form of table and figures to compare the two methods and justify the overpressure predicted.

Abstract: The rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS) is a promising method for particle formation. In this paper, general review of fundamental and available results from studies of particle formation by RESS process using carbon dioxide as a solvent for pharmaceutical compounds.

Abstract: In this study, d-limonene as green solvent was used as an alternative to n-hexane to recover the residual crude palm oil (RCPO) from the OPDC. The OPDC obtained from the palm oil mill contained about 12.55±3.15% (dry basis) of RCPO. Similar as n-hexane, the results proved that d-limonene as solvent was able to recover 100% of the RCPO from the OPDC successfully. The recyclable of d-limonene was 90%, higher than n-hexane (70%) and not much variation on fatty acids composition of extracted RCPO were observed. To ensure complete RCPO recovery, microscopic observation and FTIR spectra analysis on OPDC before and after the extraction were performed. This study concludes that d-limonene is comparable to n-hexane. However, the residual oil is classified as non-edible as it is not extracted via mechanical method. Therefore, further analysis is necessary in order to determine the potential use of the residual oils in other industries such as pharmaceutical, food packaging, fiberboard manufacturing and others.

Abstract: Nitrite is one of the most frequently measured analytes in the environmental analysis due to its detrimental effect on the environment. The development of simple and sensitive analytical method for the detection of nitrite is highly important. In this study, we report the fabrication and testing of nitrite sensor based on the flow injection analysis by reduced graphene oxide modified electrode. The modified electrode exhibits enhanced electro oxidation behavior towards nitrite oxidation. The proposed method has advantages of high precision, lower sample consumption, lower reagent consumption, less dispersion of the sample as well as higher sensitivity.

Abstract: The paper presents the co-crystal screening study of carbamazepine (CBZ) and ibuprofen (IBU) as a co-crystal former (CCF) using non-stoichiometric (solid addition of CBZ to saturated solution of co-crystal former (CCF) and stoichiometric (1:1 mol of CBZ and CCF) methods. In the non-stoichiometric method, CBZ-IBU co-crystal was prepared in various solvents and left to equilibrate in three conditions; stagnant, manually agitated and shaking in 72 hours whereas in the stoichiometric method, evaporation, solvent drop grinding and dry grinding were used. The crystals produced from the screening process were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The co-crystal of CBZ-IBU was found to have successfully formed via the non-stoichiometric method in formic acid. DSC analysis revealed that the remaining crystals produced were either CBZ or IBU as indicated by their respective melting point.

Abstract: The conversion of sea mango oil into non-edible feedstock for biodiesel will lead to the production of abundant sea mango biomass as waste. Thus in this study, the potential of converting sea mango fiber waste into a value added product was analyzed. Sea mango fiber was utilized to produce activated carbon and was tested on dye removal. The sea mango activated carbon (SMAC) was prepared using physical activation by carbon dioxide. The preparation was carried out by varying the activation temperature (600-900 °C), gas flow rate (50–300 ml/min) and activation time (1.0-2.5 h). The parameters are manipulated using Design of Experiment. The prepared activated carbon was tested on methylene blue dye. SMAC was characterized by SEM, FTIR and BET surface area. Results showed that activation temperature and time have significant effect on the characteristic of SMAC and removal of dye. The optimum conditions for preparing the SMAC having the highest dye removal were found to be activation temperature of 810 °C, 178 ml/min of carbon dioxide flow and 1.9 h of activation time. The results showed that the BET surface area and dye removal efficiency of the SMAC are 540 m²/g and 95.6 % respectively.