Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: A series of 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-one derivatives were synthesized via the three-component coupling from aromatic aldehydes, 2-naphthol and 5,5–dimethylcyclohexane -1,3-dione catalyzed by NaHSO4 in ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF4). The reaction proceeded with good yields under short reaction time. The NaHSO4 was not expensive and the ionic liquid could be reused. The proposed method is efficient and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: Kinetic equations of soluble components are analyzed in an anaerobic/ anoxic sequencing batch reactor (A/A SBR) enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB) sludge. Mathematical model is established for denitrifying phosphorus removal process. The model is based on the simplification of the metabolic model for biological phosphorus removal by DPB. A proper set of kinetic parameters was calculated from the data obtained in the batch tests. The model was subsequently applied for the simulation of cycle behavior of soluble components in the A/A SBR. The results of the simulation indicated that the model can predict the concentration of each component for denitrifying phosphorus removal successfully.

Abstract: Wood plastic composite (WPC) is an environmental-friendly material, which is made of virgin or used wood powder and plastic. It is necessary to find the detection methods of WPC with the development of WPC in further studies. For resolving some problems existing in the study of WPC, this article introduces the application of the Infrared Spectroscopy analysis technique in matrix materials, filling materials, supplementary materials, and production process of WPC and forecast the widely usage of Infrared Reflectance (IR) Spectroscopy in the study of WPC.

Abstract: For developing high bonding strength and environmental-friendly wood composites, a soybean/PF resin based (SP) adhesive was investigated and applied in the manufacture of plywood. Formula of the adhesive, the thermal behavior of the adhesive, and the optimum technical parameters of the plywood manufacture were investigated. The bonding strength and formaldehyde emission of plywood bonding by the adhesive were tested according to Chinese Standards methods. The result shows: the optimum formula of SP adhesive was: soy-based adhesive was 70%, PF resin was 30%; the optimum technical parameters of the plywood manufacture were: hot-pressing temperature was 160 °C, hot-pressing time was 80 s/mm, pressure intensity was 1.2 MPa, and glue content was 160 g /m2; Properties of plywood made under the optimum technical parameters were: the bonding strength was 1.30 MPa, the formaldehyde emission was 0.32 mg/L. It completely meets the type Ⅰ plywood requirement and level E0 of formaldehyde emission.

Abstract: Flocculation of lactic acid (LA) fermentation broth using chitosan and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) as flocculants individually was evaluated. Flocculation effects under different flocculants dosages as well as the loss of the target product LA were investigated. It was found that CPAM was more suitable in flocculation of LA fermentation broth while the optimized dosage of CPAM was 0.2g/L. The results showed that flocculants made little impact on the LA so that it was feasible to treat lactic acid by flocculation.

Abstract: For improving the performance of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, modified low molar ratio UF resins were developed to improve water resistance properties and reduce the formaldehyde emission of its bonded products. The effects of modifier feeding amount on the character of the cured resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurement. The viscosity, pH value, solid content, free formaldehyde content, pot time, and curing time of the UF resins were also tested according to Chinese National Standards methods. The results show that the modified 1.00 molar ratio UF resins show lower free formaldehyde content and higher boiling-water-resistance comparing with unmodified ones. The boiling-water-resistant bonding strength of poplar plywood bonded with modified UF resin at 140 °C hot-press temperature can reach type I grade (100 °C water bath 3h) plywood requirement and the formaldehyde emission can meet the E0 grade plywood need.

Abstract: Iron niobate photocatalyst as a new type of photocatalyst was prepared by solid-state reaction of Fe3O4 and Nb2O5 and its activity was evaluated using photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Preparation conditions such as calcination temperature and time, and irradiation time were investigated according to photocatalytic efficiencies. FeNb2O6 was produced during calcination below 700 oC and FeNbO4 was produced above 800 oC. Iron niobate with optimum activity could be prepared after calcination at 700 oC for 8 h when Fe:Nb molar ratio was 0.8:1. Methyl orange degradation rate was 72.7% after 180 min of irradiation at photocatalyst concentration of 4 g/l.

Abstract: Straw has a complex structure composed mainly by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, resulting in the difficulty to use it as the substrate for hydrogen production directly. Hydrogen production from saccharification plant straw was performed in this study. The effect of experimental time and temperature on saccharification efficiency of the straw was investigated in this work. The results show that efficiency of saccharification by hydrochloric acid on plant straw is better than that by acetate due to the different extent of acid ionization. The maximum sugar content of 36.8 Brix and 35.4 Brix was acquired at the experimental time of 1h and temperature of 20°C with the corresponding hydrogen yield of 0.02mlH2/L saccharification liquid and 0.0182mlH2/L saccharification liquid by bacteria SUES-1, respectively.

Abstract: Conductive PPy/cellulose composites were prepared with flax substrate by using admicellar polymerization. In admicellar polymerization, thinner PPy layer would be formed by a surfactant template. The stability of conductive composites prepared under various conditions was analyzed and surface morphology of the composite was analyzed by SEM. The effects of different preparation conditions on the conductivity of the composite were studied in detail. The optimum preparation conditions were as follows: pyrrole concentration 0.3 mol•L-1 , FeCl3 concentration 0.3 mol•L-1, adsorption time 150 min, PVA to pyrrole weight ratio 2%, polymerization temperature 0°C, polymerization time 9h. The surface resistivity of conductive composite fabric almost linearly increased with the prolongation of storage time. The stability of the conductive composite is the best when PVA/ pyrrole is 2%.

Abstract: In this paper, four different nondestructive testing (NDT) methods and the static bending test were conducted on the birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) laminated veneer lumber (LVL). The NDT methods included the longitudinal transmission method, longitudinal vibration method, in-plane and out-plane flexural vibration method. The effects of the compression ratio on the static bending (MOE) and bending strength (MOR) of LVL with vertical load were investigated. There were four compression ratios for different ply numbers of LVL, 8.1% for eight-ply samples, 18.3% for nine-ply samples, 26.5% for ten-ply samples, 33.1% for eleven-ply samples, respectively. The microscopic structure of the LVL was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the MOE and MOR of LVL were increased with increasing compression ratio, and there was a strong correlation between each dynamic Young’s modulus and the static MOE.