Advanced Materials Research Vols. 287-290

Abstract: Strengthening agent of cationic polyacrylate emulsion was prepared through semi-continuous seeded pre-emulsion processes. By single factor experiment, investigated the factors which influence on properties of emulsion, such as the proportion of hard and soft segment monomer, the dosage of AM, DMDMAC, emulsifier and initiator, reaction time and temperature, addition time and other factors. The results show that the emulsion has a good enhancement when the monomer ratio of St: MMA: BA is 2:1:3, initiator dosage is 0.7%, the dosage of emulsifiers, AM and DMDMAC are 6%, the amount of protective colloid is 0.3%. Compared to the strength performance between paper with added emulsion and blank paper, find that the performance of paper with added emulsion polymer gets different improves: paper quantitative increase 4.08%, folding strength degree improves 66.67%, tearing degree improves 356.52%, ring compressive strength improves 50.00%, tensile strength improves 44.11%, and bursting strength improves 50.88%

Abstract: Taking leaching tailings of the nickel ore as raw material, calcium sulfate whiskers were prepared. The effects of Mg/Ca mole ratio, concentration of sulfuric acid, reaction temperature and precipitating time on the recovery of calcium were studied in this paper. The preparation method and reaction conditions of fibrous calcium sulfate whisker have been optimized by an orthogonal experiment, in order to obtain a high grade whisker product which could meet industrial requirements on whiteness and size.

Abstract: Recently, oil-based drilling fluids are used mainly in horizontal wells, which are highly cost and have a poor performance to carry cuttings and may result in environmental problems because of the ineffective dispose of drilling waste. Therefore, a study is commenced to develop a water-based drilling fluid system (MEG drilling fluid system) that can satisfy the needs of horizontal well. The study begins with the molecular structure and properties of monomers about MEG. Then it selected the treatment agent which has a good compatibility with MEG, and confirms a best formula of MEG drilling fluid system. By the comparison between MEG and other drilling fluids, the former has evident advantages in cave preventing, lubricity, solid carrying and formation damage controlling; also it can minimize the environmental effects. The above proves that MEG drilling fluid system can well meet the need for horizontal well drilling.

Abstract: A mesostructured zirconium oxide was synthesized hydrothermally using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure-directing agent and ZrSO₄. 4H₂O as the reactant. Subsequent post-synthetic treatment with H₃PO₄ followed by the treatment with AlCl₃ solutions resulted in mesoporous Zr-P-Al materials, which exhibited high BET specific surface area before calcination. The phosphoric acid concentration affected the textual data of the resulting Zr-P and Zr-P-Al materials greatly. 0.1-0.5 M H₃PO₄ increased obviously the long-range order of the as-synthesized Zr-P materials while 0.76 M H₃PO₄ decreased it. After calcination at 773 K, the Zr-P materials turned to nonporous materials except the one synthesized by 0.5 M H₃PO₄, which showed micropores with a BET specific surface area of 147 m²/g. Further treating the Zr-P materials (synthesized from different concentration of phosphoric acid) with the same amount of AlCl₃ solution resulted in mesoporous Zr-P-Al materials, but the long-range order of which decreased when the H₃PO₄ concentration increased. Similarly, the BET specific surface area of the above-mentioned Zr-P-Al materials decreased from 462 m²/g for 0.25 M H₃PO₄ to 394 m²/g for 0.5 M H₃PO₄ and finally to 332 m²/g for 0.76 M H₃PO₄ after calcination at 773 K, while the pore size increased gradually from 3.0 to 3.5 nm. It was found that about 90% of the CTAB had been removed during the AlCl₃ treatment and that the as-synthesized Zr-P-Al materials exhibited high BET specific surface area as well as mesopores. The AlCl₃ amount is another factor affecting the textual data of the uncalcined Zr-P-Al materials besides the H₃PO₄ concentration. With the phosphoric acid concentration of 0.25 M, the BET specific surface area of the as-synthesized Zr-P-Al materials increased from 477 m²/g to as high as 734 m²/g with the increasing AlCl₃ amount before it decreased from then on.

Abstract: A double-sheets model was proposed to investigate the interlayer structure and properties of hydrotalcite (HT) containing CO₃^2-, CrO₄^2-, SO₄^2- and NO₃^- using density functional theory, and the configuration and distribution of four anions in the interlayer of HT were obtained. The frontier orbital of the host layer interacts with that of the guest anions, and the electron transfers from HOMO of anions to LUMO of the host layer. Moreover, the order in the absolute value of binding energy is: CO₃^2- >CrO₄^2- >SO₄^2- > NO₃^-, that remains consistent with the ion-exchange ability of HT reported.

Abstract: A series of biodegradable segmented liquid crystalline poly(ester-urethane)s were prepared by solution polymerization of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), mesogenic diol prepolymer poly(butylene terephthaloyldioxy dibenzoates) (MD), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The MD content was varied from 0 to 40 mol% so that the effects of the mesogen content on the thermal and physical properties, hydrolytic degradation and morphological textures were examined respectively. It was found that introducing mesogens units could increase the thermal stability and the elastic properties, while reduced the phase transition temperatures and the hydrolytic degradation rate. The mesogenic monomer and mesogenic diol could exhibit a schlieren texture characteristic of nematics, and some of the poly(ester-urethane)s could display a grainy texture.

Abstract: Dehydrogenation process of organic chemical hydrides was improved by modifying the catalyst of nickel-activated carbon (Ni/AC) with lanthanum (La). The catalysts were prepared in impregnation method with different amounts of La and Ni. The textural properties and morphology of catalyst were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption and transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer respectively. The effects such as metal content and granule size on the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane were investigated in fixed bed reactor. The results show that the metallic active components can be well dispersed on the support, and the elements analysis indicates the metal species tend to assemble on the surface layer rather than being distributed equally in the whole catalyst. The La modified catalyst LaNi/AC exhibited superior catalytic performance to Ni/AC and the conversion was 45% for LaNi/AC catalyst at 673K, while only 34 % for Ni/AC under the same conditions.

Abstract: Waterborne cationic fluorinated polyurethane (WCFPU) was prepared by the reaction of isophorone isocyanate (IPDI), polyether polyol (PTMG1000), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), trimethylol propane (TMP) and 2-(perfluorooctyl) ethyl alcohol (FEOH) and then the films of the WCFPU were prepared. Their structure, surface property, mechanical properties, thermal performance and chemical resistance of their membrane were characterized by fourier transform infared spectrometer (FT-IR), interfacial tension instrument (IT), contact angle (CA), thermogravimetry (TG) and spot test. The results revealed that WCFPU was endowed with good mechanical properties and low surface energy of its film. TG diagrams also revealed that the application range of product was enlarged. It was also found that the fluorinated polyurethane had outstanding chemical resistance.

Abstract: Cu-In-O composite thin films were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering with two composite targets. The films were annealed in air at 400 °C for 3 hours and the effect of annealing was investigated. The samples are polycrystalline and contain mainly In₂O₃ mixed with CuO. Annealing dose not further oxidize the samples, possibly due to the low annealing temperatures. Annealing slightly improves the crystalline quality of the films. Annealing increases the transmittances of almost all the samples by annihilating oxygen vacancies and hence widening the optical band gap. The conductivity of the samples is due to In₂O₃ but is compensated by CuO inside the films and annealing greatly reduces the conductivity by driving out the oxygen vacancies. The In target partly masked with a Cu plate provides more convenience in adjusting the composition and properties of Cu-In-O films.

Abstract: CuInSe₂ thin films were successfully deposited by magnetron RF-sputtering at different substrates temperature (100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, and 500°C). Effect of substrate temperature on these films crystallization, morphologies, and electrical properties were investigated. Results showed that increase of substrate temperature is in favor to be constituted in a chalcopyrite phase with a preferential orientation of (112), (211) and (312). The morphology images implied the film deposited at 200 oC had smoother surface than others. Furthermore, it was indicated that substrates temperature of 200°C had the best electrical and optical properties among these samples.