Advanced Materials Research Vols. 347-353

Abstract: This paper has examined the energy consumption characteristics for six different buildings including apartments, offices, commercial buildings, hospitals, hotels and educational facilities. Then 50000m2 development site for respective building’s type has been assumed as case study to evaluate the introduction effect of Combined Heat and Power (CHP). All kinds of CHP systems with different distributed generation technologies including Gas Turbine (GT), Gas Engine (GE), Diesel Engine (DE), Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), have been simulated by using HEATMAP, CHP system analysis software. And their primary energy utilization efficiency, energy saving ratio and CO2 reduction ratio have evaluated and compared respectively. The results can be summarized as follows: various buildings have their special heat to power ratio characteristics. Matching the heat to power ratio demanded from an individual building with that supplied from a CHP system is very important. It is necessary to select a reasonable distributed generation technologies according to the load characteristics of various buildings. Distributed generation technologies with high energy generating efficiency and low heat to power ratio, like SOFC and PEFC is more reasonable selection for Building Combined Heat and Power (BCHP). CHP system is an attractive option for hotels, hospitals and apartments. The users can achieve high energy saving and environmental benefit by introducing a CHP systems. In others buildings, especially like commercial buildings and offices, the introduction of CHP system is unreasonable.

Abstract: Isolation of phenols from the middle oil fraction(170-230°C) of tar produced in the multi-cogeneration system has been investigated for the purpose of recovering valuable pure phenols, such as phenol, cresols, xylenol and ethyl-phenol. Phenolic compounds were separated from the middle oil by liquid-liquid extraction using alkali and sulfuric acid. The yield of phenolic fraction from the middle oil (170-230°C) is up to 37%, which is much higher compared with those of metallurgical coke plants. Chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyse phenolic compounds. The result shows that the phenol content is less than 2%, and main compounds are cresol(14%), xylenol(20%) . Phenols of the middle oil fraction(230-280°C) was also analysed, which main contain methyl naphthol(20%).

Abstract: ^{Superscript text}High conductivity,high crystalline volume fraction p-type microcrystaline silicon(p-μc-Si:H) thin films prepared by high-pressure VHF-PECVD are reported in this paper．The effects of the boron concentration, the silane concentration and the plasma power on the microstructures and electrical characteristics of P-μc-Si:H thin films are investigated. The results show that the microstructures and electrical characteristics of thin films relied on the deposition parameters. By optimizing the deposition parameters, very thin(31 nm) P-μc-Si:H thin films have been obtained at the doping ratio of 0.4% , SC at 1.2% and power at 1800W. The Xc of P-μc-Si:H thin films was 67% with 4.3% uniformity ,the dark conductivity was 0.68S/cm with 5.1% uniformity. By employing this P-μc-Si:H thin films, an initial conversion efficiency of 8.12% was obtained for a 0.79 m² a-Si:H/μc-Si:H tandem module by Al as back reflector.

Abstract: A new solar tracker is designed and tested. The solar tracker is an all-weather solar machine aiming at the sun automatically with high precision. An embedded CPU is used as the control unit, calculating the position of the sun according to geography. Two light intensity detecting chips are used; one of them is to measure the ambient light intensity while the other is to check whether the tracker is directed to the sun well. The result of the first chip determines whether the second chip will be put into use. In this way it is guaranteed that the tracker operates well either with sufficient ambient light or not. Two step motors are used to drive the solar energy collector. The solar tracker has been produced and tested, showing satisfying tracking effect.

Abstract: Major domestic oil fields have entered the period of high water now, however, choosing timing of profile control and water shutoff is always delay, Mostly have to wait until after the adoption of dynamic degradation. This article introduced the concept of early warning that is widely used in military and economic fields to profile control and water shut-off decision-making in high water-cut stage. Combination of actual situation of water shut-off decision-making, Presented a strong adaptive set of Warning signs of indicators, on the basis of the analysis of variation in the warning sighs of indicators, this paper proposed early warning model and processes of profile control and water shut-off. The model not only can give the current degree of a single well, but also can forecast the future degree of change in a period of time, so this modle could provide an effective basis for water shutoff and profile controle decision-makers.

Abstract: Abstract. A is a typical low permeable oilfield in surrounding region of west daqing, the major target layer is Saertu formation,which posseses characteristics of reservoir thin, poor physical property and more containing mud and calcium, in addition, conventional logging respons characteristic is not obvious in flooded layer, leading to distinguish it more difficult. To solve this problem, the paper researches it from the mechanism of electric conduction, and classified establishes explaining plate about flooded layer, at the same time taking into account logging boundedness, which makes use of results about logging and dynamic flooded analysis to replenish and correct logging explaining result in flooded layer. We establish synthetical explaining method. Using this method, the coincidence rate of flooded layer explaining result achieves 75%.

Abstract: Abstract. Variation function is an important tool that can characterize the spatial correlation of geological variable quantitatively in geo-statistics. In the random inversion process, for different types of blocks and oil fields, choosing the appropriate function type and the corresponding model parameters, to improve the accuracy of inversion results is particularly important. By taking Gu83 block of GuLong oil field as an example, this article analyses common variation functions such as Gaussian, Spherical, Expo and Gen-Expo method and the influence of random inversion results under different variable distance parameters. From the experimental results, the inversion prediction precision will be higher in this block under the following situations: Expo variation function, horizontal variable distance is 3000 meters and vertical variable distance is 3 meters.

Abstract: A fiber anemometer that used in wind velocity monitoring is introduced in this paper. FBG is used as a sensor device. Fiber anemometer uses wind-cup to modulate FBG’s wavelength, so that wavelength changing frequency stand out difference wind velocity. The system demodulate frequency is about 1KHz and its spectrum width is about 30-40nm, which means each channel has a capacity of accommodate 30-40 sensors. By wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, this system is very suitable to be adopted in wind power generation in consideration of its large-capacity. Design scheme is described in detail. Some experimental data and equipment are also described in this paper.

Abstract: coagulation and sedimentation method is an effective water treatment method, and the key factor is the choice of flocculant, according to its different chemical composition, it is generally divided into inorganic, organic, microbial flocculants. Because of the small dosage ,fast flocculation and less effect by external environment , organic polymeric flocculant has widely used in wastewater treatment. This paper describes some types of organic polymer flocculation and its research and application. finally,the development trend of organic polymeric flocculant was predicted.

Abstract: Biomass plays unprecedented role in energy structure, whose study focuses on technology reform, the study on exploring raw material is limited. This paper, taking the usual Bermuda grass as objective, analyzes conditions of cellulose degradation. It comes to the conclusion that reducing sugar gets to 15.99% under conditions as follows: density of hydrochloric acid of 1.0% , ratio of solid and liquid of 110, reaction temperature of 120 C and reaction time of 60 minutes.