Advanced Materials Research Vols. 347-353

Abstract: In this study, we considered a building, which had a volume of 336 m3 and a floor area of 120 m2, with indoor and outdoor air temperatures of 20 oC and 0 oC, respectively. For heating this building, we selected two options, namely (i) a ground-source (geothermal) heat pump system (Case 1), and (ii) a solar collector heating system (Case 2). We employed both energy and exergy analysis methods to assess their performances and compare them through energy and exergy efficiencies and sustainability index. We also investigated energy and exergy flows for this building and illustrated from the primary energy transformation through the heat production system and a distribution system to a heating system, and from there, via the indoor air, across the building envelope to the surrounding air. We calculated that the total exergy efficiencies for Cases 1 and 2 were 4.7%, and 26.1% while sustainability index values for both cases were 1.049 and 1.353 at a reference (dead) state temperature of 0 oC, respectively.

Abstract: There has been a variety wide of hydrological simulation models, each model has its own characteristics. Hydrological modelling considers more and more detailed physical mechanism. And involved professional models also increased great significantly. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish an open unified model interface standards to make a data communication among different models and quickly formulate modelling systems suitable for the characteristics of target watershed. OpenMI emerged at the right moment to satisfy the requirements of above situations. The thesis bases on OpenMI to design hydrological modelling systems and inherits OpenMI framework of design, request/feedback mechanism and hierarchy facing to modules. This design can solve the assembly link problem of cross-language and multi-type models and make a beneficial attempt for hydrological modelling system efficient integration.

Abstract: Starting from analyzing current land utilization in China, this paper tries to find the related problems and their causes. The approaches to the saving and intensification of land utilization are suggested in economic construction, urbanization, and cultivated land protection in respects of theory, technology and administrative policies, to offer effective support for rapid urbanization, modernization and marketing and safeguarding of land utilization.

Abstract: A new kind of intelligence optimization algorithm - Bees Algorithm (BA) is introduced, which is developed in recent years and is easy to realize, extremely quickly to convergence. Using the algorithm, the article solves optimal regulation of hydropower stations with time-varying price. Actual example proves the validity and fast astringency of BA. Thus, an additional method is proposed for solving optimal regulation of cascade hydropower stations.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the present development situation of biomass industry in rural areas of Heilongjiang province, through the entropy method to quantify the competitiveness of regional industry, evaluates the biomass industry competitiveness in rural areas of Heilongjiang province, points the problem and gives the relevant suggestions.

Abstract: In this paper, structural equation model (SEM) is used to explore the influence of coastal environment factors on phytoplankton in Bohai Bay. The SEM is a multivariate statistical method and by using it, a researcher can construct theoretical concepts, test their measurement reliability, hypothesize and evaluate of a network of relationships between variables. In our study, the hypothesized model considered the influence of the physical environment (temperature, salinity, and PH) and nitrogen (total dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total dissolved inorganic phosphate, and silicate) on total phytoplankton biomass. With the conclusions of this model, we find that nutrients have greater effect on phytoplankton biomass and there is a strong correlation between nutrients and physical environment. Additionally, salinity has greatest positive effect on phytoplankton, whereas total dissolved inorganic nitrogen has the greatest negative effect. Generally, the SEM gave plausible results and enabled the identification of the role of the abiotic factors on the phytoplankton.

Abstract: Abstract: Along with the rapid development of rural economy and the acceleration of urbanization, environmental pollution have gradually penetrated into China's rural areas and became more and more serious. the present situation of China's rural environment problems were analyzed and some effective countermeasures and suggestions for how to protect China's rural environment.

Abstract: Gas-phase elemental mercury (Hg⁰) removal by activated coke (AC) supported metal oxide catalysts M_xO_y/AC (M_xO_y=MnO₂, Fe₂O₃, CuO) were studied under N₂+HCl atmosphere and compared with that by AC. The influences of M_xO_y loading, temperature and Hg⁰ concentration on Hg⁰ removal were investigated. The results indicate that the capabilities of M_xO_y/AC for Hg⁰ removal were much higher than that of AC, indicating the important role of M_xO_y. The capabilities were found to follow the trend MnO₂/AC > Fe₂O₃/AC > CuO/AC, which was corresponding to the oxidation activities of M_xO_y. The Hg⁰ removal capability of MnO₂/AC increased with an increase of the MnO₂ loading (1-10 wt.%) and temperature (120-200 °C). Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the correlation between MnO₂ and Hg adsorbed over MnO₂/AC.

Abstract: A natural peanut shell was used as adsorbent for removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution. Optimum conditions for the elimination of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution were established by means of a batch adsorption technique. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms for the present system was tested. The Langmuir adsorption capacity Qmax (mg/g) is 39.68 and the equilibrium constant b is 0.00776. The Freundlich adsorption capacity k is 0.978 and adsorption intensity n is 1.65. The goodness of fitness was obtained with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms from the equilibrium adsorption data.

Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization, Combined Sewer Overflows(CSOS) has become one of the important sources of polluted urban water. This paper overviewed the domestic and foreign CSOs current situation, and analysed the problems and deficiencies in the regulatory of CSOs in China. According to the characteristics of CSOs, we suggested that the regulatory of CSOs focus on the source, pipes and ends of the drainage system. The conclusion would be evidence for improving the combined sewerage system in China.