Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: In order to guide the planning of urban microclimate, the influencing variables of the heat island intensity (UII) of tall residential quarter in mountain city in spring and summer is quantitatively analyzed. Through experiments and simulations, 6 variables including wind speed(WS), green ratio(GR), impervious ratio(IR), average surface temperature(AST) , shadow ratio(SR), H / W were chosen and summarized as factors by dimension reduction in factors analysis; further, the dominant variables and factors in different time were confirmed through multiple linear regression analysis of the factors/ variables and UII. Results revealed that in the microclimate tests, it is appropriate to make factor analysis when the cumulative contribution rate of a factor is higher than 50%, and the significant correlated factor of UII is horizontal surface factor (HSF) in three fifths of the testing time in July. The variable analysis revealed that the significance of WS on UII is more in cloudy days than that in sunny days; the significance of SR is higher in summer than that in transition seasons and is most in 15:00, it demonstrates that optimal utilization of the building shadings is an effective way to improve the outdoor thermal environment in residential quarters.

Abstract: Spinning effluents (SE) from dry-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing are hard to biodegrade due to the high concentration of dimethyl formamide (DMF). This paper evaluated the pollutant distribution characteristics of SE by means of multi scale membrane filtritions, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano particle size analyzer (NPSA) tests were also used as assistant measurements. The major pollutant diameters in SE range from 20 nm to 30 nm with a statistical median size of 300nm. The particulate, colloidal and soluble organic fractions contribute 8.44%, 37.13% and 54.43% to the initial COD. 11.4%, 13.67% and 71.92% of the initial DMF distributes in the particle, colloidal and soluble portion respectively. The data of ammonia are relevantly 22.17%, 11.45% and 56.38%, indicating that the soluble fraction, which is also poor in biodegradability, plays a key role in SE treatment. Beside, the majority of AN distributes in the soluble range while 90.98% of cyanide distributes in the particulate and supracolloidal portions.

Abstract: Based on process optimizing, in this article the dust was made a extraction analysis to investigate the ratio of lipophilic substances, which was collected in shanghai different traffic concentration areas. Also, the samples was made a infrared spectroscopy analysis to investigate the organic groups contained. It illustrates that the ratio of lipophilicity in traffic-intensive areas is higher up to 90.1 percent than in living area which is 33.5 percent, those of Shanghai suburb is the littlest, only 12.3 percent. the main functional groups of dust in Shanghai traffic-intensive areas are amino, associating hydroxyl, benzene ring, alkyl and-SH, which is similar to the main component of organic pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust.

Abstract: Phytoextraction has been recognized as an alternative technique for the remediation of wetland contaminated by heavy metals. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of heavy metal phytoextaction by phragmites australis and the distribution in soils and phragmites australis of 13 sampling points distributed in fields of Zhaoquanhe, Yangjuanzi and Dongguo in Liaohe estuary.The results showed that the content of heavy metal of Cu and Zn is close in the three phragmites australis fields. The content of heavy metal of Pb in Dongguo field is higher than the others. The content of heavy metal of Cd is lowest for all the heavy metals in the three fields. For the content of heavy metal in different layer soils in the three phragmites australis fields, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Pb, Zn in soils of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm is higher than in other layer soils. for Cd in soils of 0-30 cm is higher than in other layer soils. And the content of heavy metal in siols of 30-40 cm is lowest for all the heavy metals. The transfer and interaction of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil- phragmites australis systems in the three fields is studied, the content of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is that soils>phragmites australis of aerial part>phragmites australis of underground part, and for the content of heavy metal of Pb, soils>phragmites australis of aerial part≈phragmites australis of underground part. The biological concentration factor of heavy metal of Cu, Zn, Cd is low and transfer coefficient is high relatively .

Abstract: Large amounts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polychlorinated benzenes (PCBz) were formed by de novo synthesis using model ashes. The de novo synthesis was affected by SO₂ and H₂O. Knowledge of congener pattern and homologue profiles of PCDD/F, PCB and PCBz is help for elaborating the mechanism of formation and influence of the toxic compounds formed by de novo synthesis. By the help of the component analysis (CA) the best correlated congeners are effectively detected. Various good correlated pairs between PCDD/F, PCB and PCBz have been elaborated by using linear regression between the 15 samples. It was found that a good correlation between PCBz and PCDF.

Abstract: The investigation was conducted to evaluate mechanism of Cr(VI) resistance and reduction by a bacterial strain named FJ under different conditions. This strain, identified as a member of Rhizobium larrymoorei by analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence was previously isolated from a paddy soil contaminated by e-waste recycling. Good Cr(VI) reduction ability catalyzed by growing cells of R. larrymoorei FJ was observed in batch cultures conducted at different initial Cr(VI) concentrations. Up to 83.23% reduction was shown in LB medium supplemented with 2.50 mM Cr(VI). Cr(VI) was transformed to some soluble form of Cr(III) due to anaerobic respiration. Biosorption was also observed in the process of bioreduction. But only loosely cell-surface binding Cr(VI) was detected in cells grown in medium supplied with different concentrations of Cr(VI). Present of yeast or citrate could enhance Cr(VI) reduction of resting cells. However, Cr(VI) reduction by resting cells was only observed at Cr(VI) concentration lower than 0.25 mM. R. larrymoorei FJ exhibited a high efficiency of Cr(VI) reduction at temperatures from 28°C to 37°C and pH values from 6.0 to 7.0.

Abstract: Under water aerator is one of the most important biological wastewater treatment equipments, and it is one of the main power of the sewage treatment plant equipments as well, therefore, effects of aeration is good or bad just as oxygenation capacity is good or bad that is the main basis for the under water aerator . In this paper fuzzy control theory and frequency control principle are used to research running method of the double-impeller underwater aerator and by the demand for dissolved oxygen in water through the aerator variable frequency control, the aerator is controlled to adjust the operating speed, so that to achieve energy savings.

Abstract: A field study was conducted to evaluate the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil utilizing the Cd hyperaccumulator Beta vulgaris var.cicla L. during one growing season (about two months) on farmland in the long-term and representative wastewater irrigation area in Northeast China. Results showed that Beta vulgaris var.cicla L. had a relatively high biomass. Planting density had a significant effect on the plant biomass and on overall Cd phytoextration efficiency. The addition of organic manure promoted the growth of Beta vulgaris var.cicla L. but inhibited the Cd removal. The Cd removal efficiency of Beta vulgaris var.cicla L. can reach 14.46 mg/m² during one growing season, and it can be expected to achieve a higher Cd removal of the year by enhancing the planting batches. The research in this paper provided the model and technical demonstration for the large-scale phytoremediation of Cd contaminated farmland soils.

Abstract: Large quantities of residual water with contaminants are produced during the dredging project of Taihu lake, which will bring environment pollution without treatment. Combining the experiments with real engineering, water quality and the correlation between pollution indexes were detected and analyzed in this article. Through coagulation experiments, the removal effects of different flocculants were investigated, meanwhile the amount of flocculants and the setting time were determined. Experimental results showed that the correlation exists between SS, CODMn , NH3-N and TP, so the method of only controlling SS for water discharge target could not totally satisfy the requirement. The sedimentation time in storage yard influenced the removal effects on pollutions greatly, thus, the bottom sludge could not flow into sedimentation tank without staying in the storage yard. PAC was the best flocculant, and the solid suspension concentration could drop below 100 mg/L when the concentration is 50 mg/L and the coagulation time is 5 minutes.

Abstract: This paper investigated the improvement of water quality in polluted scenic water bioremediation by using biostimulant studied independent. The main material biochemical fulvic acid is made from agricultural wastes straw. The comparison experiments results showed that the effect of biostimulant closed to the introduction reagent in some water quality indexes, and better in some aspects else. It could be used in actual polluted scenic water bioremediation instead of the introduction reagent or partially. The cost price of the bioremediation and the biostimulant are both not high, because of the cheap main material. At the same time, the multipurpose use of agricultural wastes problem could be solved effectively. The removal rates of COD_Cr and TP were more than 10% higher in the samples extra added trace elements B and Mo, contrast to the samples only with biostimulant.