Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: The risk assessment model and parameter system of groundwater pollution were established in this paper. The multi-index evaluation method of groundwater pollution sources was proposed, and the GIS-based risk assessment method of groundwater pollution was produced in comprehensive consideration of groundwater vulnerability and groundwater pollution sources. The multi-index method suggested in this paper was used in the risk assessment of groundwater pollution at a plain area of a big city in North China, and the different grades of groundwater pollution risk were computed. The evaluation results show that the groundwater pollution risk is determined by the combined action of ground pollution sources and groundwater vulnerability. The established risk assessment method of groundwater pollution could give a scientific support for the regional groundwater pollution prevention and control planning.

Abstract: Aircraft carbon emissions because of their special status led to the spatial vertical distribution of pollution significantly different from other stationary sources and ground transportation. This paper will research on the Great Circle Distance (GCD) between the origin and destination airports, in order to get the fuel used from the CORINAIR database, and thus base on the Fuel Consumption Method (FCM) to estimate the CO₂ emissions for a single fight or certain fleet. A carbon emissions evaluation system was developed, which based on the CORINAIR database, airport location database, and flight schedule database. After enter the origin and destination airports, the calculation for a single flight has been analysis, and from the statistic data of civil aviation in China, as the end of 2010, 175 transportation airports, 1880 scheduled routes of China's civil aviation industry had been included in the database of system, to achieve the regional carbon emissions evaluation. However, at present, the real-time monitoring the aircraft emissions in flight conditions is not possible, so, this paper will also give some advice on how to resolve this problem for further researcher.

Abstract: Yangtze River Estuary, the largest estuary of Pacific Coast, is not only the unique channel for the endangered species (Chinese sturgeon) to migrate between Yangtze River and Pacific Ocean ,but also the critical habitat for its juvenile fish to feed and grow. In recent years, human disturbance to the Chinese sturgeon habitat is increasingly serious. The fragmentation、degradation and loss of the habitat are the biggest problems of protecting Chinese sturgeon. Based on several ecological factors statistical study, five habitat characteristics were selected and determined their ranges of the most suitability, and then Suitability Index and Synthetic Index analysis are used to do quantitative evaluation. Suitability Index was verified by the number Chinese sturgeon from tidal nets monitor and water quality and biological data nearby the monitoring station in Chongming Dongtan of the Yangtze River Estuary from the year of 2004 to 2010. At last , the data of the coastal water investigation of Shanghai in summer 2006 were evaluated by two different methods on Geographical Information System(GIS). The study results demonstrated that habitat areas of excellent、good、fair and poor, and habitat suitability index was better than synthetic index method on landscape grain.

Abstract: Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) initiatives spread all over the world to cope with declining conditions and intensifying user conflicts to achieve sustainable development of coastal resources and environment. A set of indicators with regard to sustainable development and governance aspects were developed in Xiamen to monitor the State of Coasts (SOC) under ICM implementation. In developing the evaluation indicators for Xiamen, a number of lessons were learned related to data compilation, indicator development, public participation and scaling up. The experience of Xiamen was believed to contribute to develop evaluation indicators for ICM in China.

Abstract: Taihu Lake can be divided into several different lake regions such as bay area, center area, lakeshore area and etc. according to the hydrodynamic characteristics and the lake morphology. In the year of 2010, water quality were measured in 17 sampling points, consisting of 8 points in the Zhushan Lake bay, 3 points in the western lakeshore area, and 6 points in the center area. The fuzzy hierarchy comprehensive evaluation model was used to assess the water quality in different lake regions on the basis of the measured data. This method is a combination of fuzzy evaluation to determine membership degree and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine weight. AHP can be further reduced to these steps such as the goal defining, hierarchy establishing, judgment matrix building, hierarchy single ranking, hierarchy general ranking and uniformity inspecting. The results show that water quality of Zhushan Lake bay is in class Ⅴ except for some points in class Ⅳ. Water quality of center area is between class Ⅱand Ⅳ, and that of lakeshore area is in class Ⅴ. The water quality assessment on the different lake regions by this method can more practically reflect the water environmental status of Taihu Lake. This works contributed to the improvement of water quality assessment exactness and lake eutrophication controlling in the situation of the lake with large area.

Abstract: To obtain a TiO₂ photocatalyst with high photocatalytic efficiency under visible irradiation and good reusability, the Fe³⁺ and N co-doped TiO₂ micro/nano fiber films were fabricated by electrospinning and calcinations. The morphologies and structures of the resulting samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction and x-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). The absorbance and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were characterized respectively by UV–visible spectrophotometer and COD Rapid Tester. The results show that the Fe³⁺ and N co-doped TiO₂ micro/nano fiber had a multi-porous structure with an average diameter of about 45 to 506 nm. The crystalinity degrees, visible light absorption of these films were affected by the dosage of Fe³⁺ and N co-doping (DFN). Moreover, these films exhibited high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of dye waste water under sunlight and it was related to DFN. As DFN was 0.5 %, it has highest crystalinity degree, largest visible light absorption and highest photocatalytic efficiency on dye waste water. The decolor rate of the dye waste water was as high as 67.6 % and its COD decreased from 2800±200 to 236.40 ± 15.61, when the photocatalytic time was only 3 h.

Abstract: To investigate the characteristics of the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) temporal variation, one representative SSC profile and its relationship with current velocity profile in calm weather in the Lianyungang nearshore area were analyzed using wavelet analysis. Results indicate that the variations of the SSC had multi-time scale characteristics and the fluctuations varied in different time periods. The correlation of periodic oscillation in the upper layers between SSC and current velocity was much more significant than the corresponding lower layer correlation. For the scale more than 4 hours, the curves of SSC and current turned out to be out phase, while this phenomenon was not obvious for the scale less than 4 hours. Wavelet analysis provided further insights into the characteristics of the suspended sediment concentration.

Abstract: In this paper, the biological droplet transport and deposition in the turbulent airflow inside an indoor environment was studied using the Lagrangian computational method. Meanwhile, as to the mathematic simulation, the Monte Carlo modeling method was coupled into this simulation program to describe the bio-particle transport. Many influent factors such as indoor airflow velocity, the bio-aerosol generator velocity, particle diameter, and evaporation and death were considered synthetically in this paper. Serratia marcescens was used as tracer microorganism to simulate the droplet nuclei exhaled by patients, and the spatial distribution of its concentration was measured. Collected bacteria were quantified using standard cultivating assays. It showed the simulation results were comparable with the data of the experimental findings.

Abstract: Water environmental capacity is an important base for making the river pollution control, weakening the pollution source and realizing the water-function target. Analyses on the present situation of water quality in Suzhou reach of Tuohe River are conducted. The hydrological characteristics, the contamination characteristics and the water environment status were investigated. Combined with the design procedure of the water environment capacity, one-dimensional water quality model was selected to calculate and analyze the water environmental capacity of Tuohe River. The results showed that the water environmental capacity of BOD₅ is 1231.16t/a, COD_Cr is 4289.73t/a and NH₃-N is 377.3t/a. The current water quality of Tuohe River was good in general, most of the river’s sections have residual water environmental capacity and it is necessary to carry out total pollution reduction plans (especially for COD) in future with the population growth and socio-economic development.

Abstract: Based on the investigation of the characteristics of the waste rocks of Xinqiao pyrite mine in Tongling, the possibility of AMD was discussed, and the speciation of Pb in the waste rocks was studied by the improved five steps sequential extraction method. The results reveal that the NP is less than the AP, the waste rocks have a high acid potential and produce AMD. The speciation of Pb in the waste rocks exist mainly in the silicate, secondly in deoxidize and oxidizable mode. But the Pb contents in the deoxidize mode are correlative to the total contents in waste rocks, if the waste rocks react with the AMD, the Pb in the deoxidize and oxidizable modes may easily release from the waste rocks. So the Pb has high environmental risk.