Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: This article was based on Beijing treatment of urban Livestock and poultry manure, namely, composting and anaerobic treatment. According with the practical treatment and disposal and combining with the 2006 IPCC internationally cognition and greenhouse gas calculation that related scholars studied, ecological footprint calculation of Beijing urban animal waste was summarized and developed ,thus laid foundation for the study of Beijing urban ecological carrying capacity.

Abstract: CFD calculations are carried out using the standard, RNG and realizable κ-ε turbulence models to simulate the airflow and pollutant dispersion inside an isolated street canyon. The computed air velocity vector fields and pollutant concentration contours show that all the three studied κ-ε models produce a very similar clockwise vortex structure that carries the pollutants released from the line source on the street floor towards the leeward side of the canyon. The calculated non-dimensional pollutant concentration distributions on both the leeward and windward walls of the canyon are compared with the wind tunnel measured data. It is revealed that (1) on the windward wall of the canyon, the calculated pollutant concentrations using the standard, RNG and realizable κ-ε models are all in perfect agreement with the experimental observations, (2) the RNG and realizable κ-ε models provide almost the same results for pollutant concentration distributions on the leeward wall of the canyon, (3) the RNG and realizable κ-ε models overestimate greatly the pollutant concentration values on the leeward wall of the canyon, whereas the concentration distributions predicted by the standard κ-ε model on the leeward wall are in reasonable agreement with the wind tunnel data.

Abstract: A rapid quantitative risk evaluation system of non-point source pollution (NPSP), based on comprehensive consideration of various factors such as topographic features, land use construction, annual mean precipitation, soil erosion characteristics and pollutant removal cost, was constructed using an Spatial Analysis Module of GIS on watershed scale. We investigated the risk pattern of NPSP in the Dianchi Lake Watershed using the rapid risk assessment system. The results indicated that NPSP risk pattern showed the arc or normal distribution trend in the Dianchi Lake Basin, namely the medium risk area of NPSP is the largest (about 1311 km²). Moreover, the spatial difference of high risk NPSP pattern is remarkable: the high risk region for NPSP was primarily in the 10 km range of the southern and eastern parts and the 5 km range of western part around the Dianchi Lake.

Abstract: In this study, a coupled MM5-CAMx air quality modeling system was proposed for simulating the SO₂ concentration in Beijing, China during the heating season. The Particulate Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) was introduced into the modeling system to investigate SO₂ source apportionment from regions nearby Beijing and regions in Beijing. The results indicated that the influence from regions outside of Beijing including Hebei, Tianjin and Shanxi could not be ignored, and the total Emission Source Contribution Ratio (ESCR) from these regions was 10.8%. Metropolitan Beijing, including Chaoyang, Fengtai, the city center of Beijing, Haidian, and Shijingshan, with an ESCR of 82.5%, was the main contributing area in Beijing. The results obtained could provide useful information for Beijing’s SO₂-emission control and abatement. This method could effectively identify SO₂ pollution problem in a metropolis region and thus provide a scientific basis for air pollution control and mitigation.

Abstract: After gathering Core YLJ-40, we studied the 210Pb radioactivity of sediments and evolution characteristics of As, Hg, Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu in the heavy metals. The results shows that the heavy metals pollution in Yalu River estuary except Cu takes on ascend trend year after year; heavy metals distribution presents segmentation characteristics and most of heavy metals came from the pollutants of industry and agriculture, while Cu originates from the mining pollution. The evaluating results based on the different evaluation background value are not exactly the same. But it has been an indisputable fact that the heavy metals pollution is becoming more serious in Yalu River estuary.

Abstract: This article introduces the foreign ship pollution emergency response capacity building, and studies and discusses national, provincial, and city emergency response capacity building planning based on multiple aspects, like object of the planning, principle of the planning, content of the planning, method of planning, etc.

Abstract: Recently Taiwan's coastal land is highly development and utilization. Particularly in the west coastal space carry large bearing capacity. But the study assessment of the climate change capacity for coastal zoning has less researches in Taiwan. Therefore, this study discussed the management competition in laws, regulations and space, proposed the suitable designated range and criteria, established the indicators based on Chiu [1]. On the other hand, the increasing of typhoons frequency and sea level rise on the coastal impact are discussed. Combined with vulnerability in the coastal areas, through the relevant disaster risk analysis and assessment of coastal areas can be described by future adaptation strategies to climate change and coastal protection zoning basic analysis of the basis set. This study not only defined the range for Coastal Protection Areas (CPA), but also based on the suggestion of International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) proposed the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) and Coastal Vulnerability Level (CVL) fitting Taiwan's coastal environment by 10 factors and the impact of sea level rising. Finally, we developed a classification approach and designed criteria as a reference for coastal protection zone planning in the future.

Abstract: The five-year plan for national economic and social development is a very important kind of plan among the comprehensive plans in China, which is related to all significant problems and key aspects about economic and social development. This paper analyzes the necessity of introducing strategic environmental assessment (SEA) into the five-year plan. Also technical framework, indicators and methods of SEA on the five-year plan are discussed with the case study of SEA of the 11th five-year plan of Wuhan City. The case study shows that comprehensive environmental analysis of spatial distribution, industrial distribution, industrial structure, and transport development is the key feature of this kind of SEA, and interactive assessment mode helps to integrate environmental considerations into decision-making process effectively.

Abstract: This study investigated variation in ecosystem services value in response to land use change in Nanfen District of Benxi City, a typical mountain town in Liaohe watershed, China. We used two Landsat TM data sets (1995, 2006) to estimate changes in the size of seven land use categories, and we used the most recently published value equivalent to estimate changes in the values of ecosystem services. The total value of ecosystem services in Nanfen District was 1294.1 million Yuan in 1995 and 1293.49 million Yuan in 2006, with a decrease of 568.3 thousand Yuan mainly due to the declining areas of cropland, water body and wetland. We concluded that future local land use plan should give priority to the conservation of these ecosystems, in order to promote and maintain the balance of local ecosystem.

Abstract: With the rapid development of air transport, the issue of aircraft noise in the vicinity of airport is attracting more and more attention. Based on the research into population-related / spatial noise assessment, combining the absolute assessment scheme and the relative assessment scheme of aircraft noise, this paper develops a widely applicable comprehensive noise assessment scheme. With a case study of Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA), through the use of its noise monitor system, the implementation and analysis process of the comprehensive assessment scheme is presented. With the justification of the scheme in making a thorough assessment on noise impact in the vicinity of airport, a better way to assess and control aircraft noise has been found for Civil Aviation Administration of China.