Advanced Materials Research Vols. 356-360

Abstract: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has emerged as one of the most concerning contaminants in recent years. In the present study, the developmental toxicity of PFOS on zebrafish embryo was tested. The EC₅₀ based on the general morphology score are 78.13 and 76.53 mg/L for 96 h and 120 h, respectively. While the LC₅₀ values for 96 h and 120 h are 79.08 and 70.17 mg/L, respectively. It was found PFOS resulted in the decrease of heart rate of zebrafish embryo, while had some degree of stimulation at 40 mg/L PFOS.

Abstract: During the commissioning (alternate unipolar and bipolar operation) of ±800KV DC transmission grounding electrode, the average grounding current is much greater than that of the steady bipolar operation, which might cause undesirable impacts on the edatope. In this study, the soil physicochemical property variations of the plant root zone (depth 0.5 m) and the soil temperature during the commissioning of the grounding electrode were monitored and analyzed. And the influence of the commissioning on plant growth was evaluated.

Abstract: 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-bromdiphenyl ether (BDE-209) solutions were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) and electron beams. Organic compounds were fully removed by each type of radiation. The absorbed energy of the ionizing radiation (electron beams) needed for removal was much lower than that of UV photocatalysis. BDE-209 removal using the ionizing radiation was accelerated drastically by dosage. It is suggested that pH value of solution affect the decomposition rates. Radiolysis with the high pH value showed consistently high rate and high efficiency of BDE-209 removal.

Abstract: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) refers to the chemical structure stability, the toxicity, big,difficult biodegradation , there is a long time in nature,.to concentrate the detention easily in organism kind of organic chemistry pollutant.POPs has become the field of environmental chemistry and toxicology studies of ecological problems affecting human survival, it is the 21st century, a major health problem. Overview of the current domestic and international persistent organic pollutants on the degradation mechanism of the type. Presented on persistent organic pollutants to solve the problem.

Abstract: Samples of surface water and sediment were collected in Taihu Lake and Nanjing section of Changjiang. Organochlorine compounds(OCCs) of samples were detected to investigate the characteristics and ecological risk of them in the lake and river. The concentrations of OCCs in water of Nanjing section of Changjiang were higher than those in Taihu Lake, but the concentrations of OCCs in sediments were higher in Taihu Lake. HCHs of Taihu sediments were relatively enriched, indicating the agricultural source of compounds. PCBs of Changjiang sediments were higher compared to Taihu sediments, denoting a obvious industrial source. Comparing with other compartments in China, HCHs of the study area were higher than most sediment of Chinese rivers, DDTs didn’t show high contents in sediments, PCBs was in relatively low levels. By contrast with the relevant sediment quality guidelines of these compounds, the ecological risk of OCCs in sediments were evaluated. The OCCs of sediments in Taihu Lake and Nanjing section of Changjiang didn’t show high ecological risk.

Abstract: Wanliu and Xiaowangzhuang transects which operated in 1994 and 2001 respectively along Zhengzhou-Shangqiu section on Lianyungang-Horgas highway were chosen to investigate heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr) pollution and potential ecological risks of roadside soils. Concentrations of soil heavy metals on Wanliu transect were higher than that on Xiaowangzhuang transect. The content of soil heavy metals increases with the distance away from highway, reaching a maximum value, and then decreases gradually. Potential ecological risks of the soil metals are at moderate level on Wanliu transect, while slight level on the other transect. Concentrations of most soil heavy metals and their potential ecological risks present skewness distribution with the distance form highway roadbed. The highest risk indexes (RI) for different metals on Wanliu transect are among 50 ~100 m from highway roadbed, farther than that on Xiaowangzhuang transect at 35 m. Most of the soil samples on northern side of the highway show higher metal concentrations and potential ecological risks than that on southern side. The total risk index was contributed by the heavy metal of Cd (averagely 61.39%), which is the main factor of potential ecological risks. The grade standards for different ecological risk levels must be modified according to types and amount of pollutants studied and their toxic-response factors.

Abstract: With Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method, the environmental pollution due to the chemical fire overflow is interpreted in terms of the causal and logical relations between various factors. The fault tree is established. And through the qualitative analysis by FTA, the minimal cut sets and the structure importance are determined. Consequently, the corresponding measures for reducing the occurrence of the top event are discussed.

Abstract: Based on water quality testing data of shallow groundwater samples from 16 different locations in the area around Poyang Lake, the analysis methods of grey relational analysis combine with correlation analysis are used to analyze the relevancy of several ions with total hardness, conductivity and mineralization in shallow groundwater. Moreover, the study also includes a discussion of the causes. Results show that, compared with Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ shows a better correlation with total hardness, the correlation coefficient is 0.711; the correlation of SO₄^2- and HCO₃^- with conductivity are as high as 0.973 and 0.925, respectively; SO₄^2- shows the best correlation with mineralization among seven-ions with a correlation coefficient of 0.970. Total hardness is mainly influenced by Ca²⁺ in shallow groundwater; SO₄^2- and HCO₃^- are main factors which influence conductivity; SO₄^2- has significant influence on mineralization. According to the cause analysis, the dissolve of carbonates, the weathering and hydrolysis of calcium-containing minerals in magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks are the main sources of Ca²⁺ and HCO ₃^- ; SO₄^2- content is closely related to accumulation of waste rock, burning of coal and strong rainfall in south China.

Abstract: The available concentrations of heavy metals in the urban soils from different functional areas of Quanzhou city were determined using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The available concentrations of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Sb and Pb were 0.02–0.30, 0.02–0.20, 0.02–0.60, 14-500, 1.30-351, 0.10-2.40, 0.14-8.60, 0.30-50, 1.90-180, 0.06-0.60, 0.02-0.86, 0.02-8.0, 0.02-8.0 and 0.38-102 mg/kg, respectively. The extractable proportions of heavy metals were relatively low compared to their total concentrations, with the order of the extracted ratios of Cu (18.0%) > Mn (15.4%) > Ni (12.2%) > Sb (11.3%) > Zn (11.0%) > Cd (9.2%) > Co (8.9%) > Sn (3.6%) > Pb (3.1%) > As (1.9%) > Cr (0.8%) > Fe (0.2%) > V (0.1%) > Ti (0.0%).

Abstract: Forecast about nutrient (mainly referring to nitrogen, N and phosphorus, P) emission from point sources of Gan River was made on the base of pollution state and spatial-temporal variety regularity from 1999 to 2009. During the research period, maximum of total nutrient emission was in Ganzhou (TN 1.64×10⁴t, TP 0.21×10⁴t), which is followed by Nanchang. Just in terms of 2009, total nutrient emissions from Ganzhou and Nanchang account for 60% and Nanchang, as a main control station, per capita nutrient emissions increased at the speed of 7.96% and 7.17% in 2008 and 2009, respectively. According to the prediction model, TN and TP emissions from Gan River basin will be 5.25×10⁴t and 0.68×10⁴t, respectively. Meanwhile, point sources still is the principal part of total nutrient emission from Gan River, which will have a negative impact on water quality of estuary and Poyang Lake. Therefore, the key to comprehensive management of water pollution is point sources.