Advanced Materials Research Vols. 374-377

Abstract: A boiler-water treatment device main composed of solar energy heater and reverse osmosis was designed Experiments on permeation flow and water quality as functions of temperature caused by solar energy were conducted. The experimental results showed that when the operation pressure was kept at 0.9MPa, permeation flow could increase 35.5%, from 6.5L/min to 8.8L/min if the feed water temperature increased from 18°C to 38°C by solar energy; and the produced water could totally meet Chinese water quality standard for middle or low pressure steam-boiler. On the other hand, if the permeation flow was kept at 8 L/min, the operation pressure would drop by 32.2%, from 1.18MPa to 0.78MPa. Based on these experimental results, economic and environmental analysis on a case of 10m3/h boiler-water treatment device by reverse osmosis employing solar energy were conducted, the results shows great significance for energy saving and environmental pollutants cut. All this showed this new RO system with pre-heating the feed water by solar energy could be widely applied in boiler-water treatment.

Abstract: Synthesized wastewater containing quinoline photocatalytic oxidized at 0, 30 and 60 min respectively were applied in flask cultivation of activated sludge to evaluate the changes of activities of dehydrogenase, protease and urease in activated sludge with reference is glucose. The experiment results showed that quinoline aqueous solution after photodegradation of 60 min appeared to inconspicuous influence on the activities of dehydrogenase and protease, while after photodegradation of 0 min or 30 min the effluents presented obviously inhabitation. However, the urease activity cultured in all photodegradated quinoline solutions was higher than that in glucose medium due to the effect of C-N bond induction. Under the tested conditions, the optimal pretreatment time of photocatalysis system was observed at 60 minutes, which suggested that enzyme activity in activated sludge was benefited to investigate the biodegradability of wastewater for evaluating the optimal reaction time for photocatalytic pretreatment system.

Abstract: In order to study the differences of dissolved organic matter (DOM) characteristics between the secondary effluent and the surface water, ultrafiltration (UF) was combined with three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy to investigate the fluorescence characteristics of total DOM and different molecular weight fractions of them. Moreover, the DOM removal characteristics by coagulation were analyzed also under the respective optimal dosage of coagulant (PAC). The results showed that: DOM of secondary effluent contained four notable fluorescence peaks: humic acid-, fulvic acid-, aromatic protein- and soluble microbial product-like fluorophores, which were more than surface water. Coagulation was easy to remove macromolecules as humus, but the removal efficiency was not high enough for the relative small molecules as protein and microbial products. Fluorescence index (FI) indicated that secondary effluent after biotreatment were mainly from microbial sources. The correlation relationship between the humus-, protein-like fluorescence intensity and UV254 are strong in secondary effluent.

Abstract: Abstract：The constructed wetland is a new kind of wastewater treatment developing in recent years, which is very suitable for the regional characteristics of Shaanxi province. The design of the constructed wetlands is developed from the traditional sub-surface horizontal-flow wetlands (SSHFW). Two groups of wetlands were designed in parallel, and each single wetland can also became the vertical-flow wetland system. Aerating in front of the constructed wetlands is to study the removal efficiency of the organics. Test indicators contain SS、COD、Nitrogen、Phosphor and the rate of nitrification and de-nitrification. According to the experiments of the self-designed SSHFW, the removal efficiency of the SS, COD, NH4+-N、TN and TP were 92%, 82%, 40%, 46.2% and 70% respectively. The strength of nitrification and de-nitrification of the packing reached to 0.35mg/(kg.h) and 3.32mg/(kg.h). On the basis of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation, the adsorption quantity of coarse sand and gravel were 405.2mg/kg and 498.6mg/kg. The quality of the effluent met the primary standard of B-standard in the discharge standards of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB18918-2002).

Abstract: Point out the significance of establishing the operational mathematic model of reverse osmosis membrane module, deduce integral operational mathematic model of membrane module according to DOW parameter equation. Advance the iteration solution of nonlinear factors in multi-equation. The research of this model provide basic to achieve the operational mathematic model of membrane system.

Abstract: The current problems of drainage system have been analyzed by addressing the current situation of combined sewerage system in Chongqing area. According to the geographical characteristics of the terrain and the existing pipeline system, advices on modification works have been proposed which would meet the demand of sustainable development of Chongqing drainage system.

Abstract: Thermal properties of Brain, gill, hepatopancreas, muscle and blood of Carassius living in 8°C were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter. Between 20°C～-40°C , blood showed lower specific heat capacity than other organs. It might help temperature equilibrium in organism. Blood and brain had higher freezing temperature. Brain showed the maximum water content but less freeze water while ventral muscle had the lowest water content but high freeze-able water. Hepatopancreas had both low water and freeze-able water content.

Abstract: It used dissolved oxygen meter to detect dissolved different oxygen concentration within wastewater treatment reactor and analysed reasons for the formation of oxygen concentration gradient. In order to learn more about activated sludge form of different oxygen gradient in the reactor, biological microscope operated in characteristics of microfauna and activated sludge floc in the reactor has been studied. The results showed that Vorticella and Rotifera could grow normally in the high and low regional areas; there are more abundant micro-fauna species in the area of low oxygen, and the microfauna was more mature than those in the area of high oxygen; activated sludge was brown and floc size was small in the areas of high oxygen, activated sludge was black and floc size was big.

Abstract: A novel organic-inorganic nanocomposite NF membrane containing SiO2 were prepared by interfacial polymerization on polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration membrane with poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) as monomers. The membranes were investigated by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microcopy(FESEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector(EDX), then the separation performance of salt solution was investigated. The results indicated that the nanoparticles were well-distributed in the membranes. The addition of SiO2 in the skin layer increased thermal stability and improved roughness and hydrophility of membrane. The pure flux for PA-SiO2 increased than neat PA membrane while the rejection rate of Na2SO4 salt solution was lower than the latter.

Abstract: The present indoor environmental control is implemented according to indoor environmental parameter set points. However room occupants generally lack of the knowledge on comfortable values of indoor environmental parameters. The next generation of indoor environmental control should be based on room occupants’ actual perception instead of set points. This paper describes some fundamental work for developing such a system. Experiments were conducted to collect room occupants’ complaints when they feel dissatisfied to the indoor environment. The collected data were analyzed to find the characteristics complaining behaviors.