Advanced Materials Research Vols. 383-390

Abstract: This study compared the differential absorbance spectroscopy of the raw water oxidized with chlorine and chlorine dioxide to explore the reactions between oxidants and natural organic matter in disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation. The correlations between the differential absorbance at 272 nm (ΔA₂₇₂) and 254 nm (ΔA₂₅₄) and DBPs formation in chlorinated water were also examined, respectively. The intensity of the differential absorbance increased with increasing doses for both chlorine and chlorine dioxide. The sites in natural organic matter oxidized with chlorine and chlorine dioxidate are different. Unlike the well defined band at 272 nm and 254 nm in differential spectra of water oxidized with chlorine, a well defined band at 220 nm was found in water oxidized with chlorine dioxide. The behavior of -ΔA₂₇₂ during chlorination process was determined to be strongly correlated with DBPs concentrations quantified by linear equations with R² values > 0.95. A weak correlation (R² value 254, indicating the formation of DBPs independent of destruction in UV-absorbing sites.

Abstract: To pursue an effective method to control phytoplankton blooms, the allelochemicals of Typha angustifolia L. were purified and identified and their allelopathic effects were studied in phytoplankton assemblage assays. We found that the Typha angustifolia L. allelochemicals included 3 phenic acids (o-hydroxycinnamic acid, syringic acid and isoferulic acid, which inhibited the growth of phytoplankton assemblage and the o-hydroxycinnamic acid proved most potent. The combined activity of these phenic acids exerted synergistic inhibitory effects on the growth of phytoplankton assemblage. The results suggested that Typha angustifolia L. and its allelochemicals may control the phytoplankton blooms in eutrophic waters.

Abstract: Coking wastewater component complex is difficult to treat and yet unable to achieve the emission target by biological treatment, thus needs further processing. Wastewater treatment plant of coking plant in Bao Gang applied A/O process in biological treatment, used special treatment agent -M180 by coagulation and sedimentation process. Through treatment, the parameters reached the first grade of GB13456-92. It is of great reference significance for process debug and operation of the coking wastewater treatment system.

Abstract: Finding out different situation of area environmental and instructing management, which to advance the using efficiency of environmental data information. This paper constructs clustering analysis module on point pollution analysis module based on SuperMap, beyond which, using the information of environmental pollution monitoring data at some typical area in Beijing, and employing 6 major indexes of National total Amount Control as variable, and 18 Industrial Enterprises as object which picked up from national statistical information system registered in typical district. According to pollution distributing, character and economic situation, obtaining the accurate interpretation for the formal results in the ordered sample cluster analysis at present. This paper gives a new method and way in environmental management of Industrial Enterprises.

Abstract: This study presents a numerical investigation of the effect of decrease in water saturation of host rocks with dehydration reactions on the reconstruction of the thermal evolution of igneous-intrusions-bearing basins based on complex heat conduction models. The Bena 3 dike of Gippsland Basin (Australia) is selected as an example in this study. Results indicate: (1) the consideration of decrease in water saturation of host rocks (sandstone) with dehydration reactions in the models can obviously increase the predicted peak temperature T_peak of host rocks. The corresponding maximum deviation of T_peak occurs at the contact and reaches ~270 °C; (2) if water saturation of host rocks vary with dehydration reactions, the T_peak can also be influenced by the quartz content of host rocks. The predicted T_peak is higher for the host rocks with low quartz content. The maximum deviation of T_peak caused by the quartz content can attain 115 °C. However, the deviation of T_peak above 20 °C only occurs in a narrow region which is near the intrusion. Out of this region, the quartz content of sandstone has only a slight effect on T_peak.

Abstract: The degradation of saline marsh in Songnen plain was controlled by many factors. Based on in-situ observation and laboratory analysis, soil properties and matters translocation in Zhalong wetland at local scale as affected by freeze and thaw action was explored. Results show that within the study plot, 1500 m in distance, but varying only 80 cm in altitude, existed four types of soils i.e. Shallow-horizon Alkalic Halosols (SAH), Crust Alkalic Halosols (CAH) and Para-alkalic Dark-Aquic Cambosols (PDC) and Sodic Hapli-Orthic Gleyosols (SHG). High content total porosity with amounts to 62% in surface horizon in marsh would help to water conservation and wetland formation. In contrast, large rate of silt or clay in texture in alkali soil and meadow soil constrain the water content in topsoil, i.e. the saturated water content 0-30 cm horizon of meadow soil and alkali soil were merely 0.83 and 0.7 m³ m^-3. Residues & roots in surface layer of SHG expand the period of freezing phase as long as 9 months comparing to 7 months in SAH, and maximum freezing fringe in the former was 24 cm deeper than the latter (178 cm versus 154 cm). Seasonal freeze and thaw action has obvious influence on water storage in topsoil in saline marsh, leading different of soil succession therein. Soil moisture content in the surface layer of marsh increased from 2.05 to 2.62 m³ m^-3(over-saturated), but no obvious change in PDC and Alkali soils. In contrast, electrical conductivity of saturated paste in SAH and CAH increased from 6.5 to above 10 dS m^-1. Therefore, it did not accord with the practical situation of Northeast China as that of strong evaporation was the only cause that caused saline marsh alkalinization. Protecting the vegetation or restoring surface coverage by plant in saline land in spring may help land dealkalization in high latitude arid & semiarid regions.

Abstract: With global energy safety and climate change prompts low carbon economy transition becomes an inevitable choice for sustainable development of countries in the world. Resource-based cities, as a special type of cities formed and developed on the basis of resources, their economic growth depends on high-carbon economy more closely, to some extent, low-carbon transition will affect the city's economic growth, thus building scientific efficiency evaluation system is very important. In this paper, Analytic Hierarchy Process and fuzzy comprehensive assessment methods are used based on an empirical study, from three sides such as economic benefit, low-carbon benefits, and social benefits to build measuring system of low-carbon transition efficiency. The studies verified effectiveness of AHP and Fuzzy comprehensive assessment methods in efficiency evaluation of low-carbon economy transition.

Abstract: This paper studied the ultrasonic removal of indigenous blue-green algae taken from Lake Taihu. The results showed that higher ultrasound frequency benefited the removal of indigenous algae. But in consideration of complex condition of the natural lakes and reservoirs such as the lack of powerful electrical supply system, low sound frequency is more suitable. Because of slightly improvement in the algae removal rate constants among the low frequency range (20-100 kHz), 20 kHz is the best ultrasound frequency for indigenous algae removal. Moreover, little change in the microcystins concentration was found with sonication at 20 kHz, 2W for 60s, which was compared with the increased microcystins from 2.67 to 2.851 mg/L after sonication at 1000 kHz, 2W for 60s. the concentration of chlorophyll.

Abstract: Atmospheric mercury in Guilin was monitored systematically, the content ranged from 7.69 to 39.93ng/m³. In general, from industrial areas to hospital areas, to commercial areas, to garden greenbelt, to residential areas, to culture and education regions, the average value of atmospheric mercury content decreased successively, it ranged from 22.89 to 9.94 ng/m³. The atmospheric mercury content was influenced by temperature, height, rainfall and circulation of air. The result of the investigation shows that the atmospheric mercury mainly comes from the emission of gaseous mercury of industrial production and special service sector, automobile exhaust, point sources of mercury pollution and transport of gaseous mercury from distance.

Abstract: Land use patterns effect on soil anti-erodibility was studied by the combinative means of field investigation and laboratory analysis in low mountain-hilly region. The results showed that he five land use patterns had high proportion of aggregates at the size of >2 mm after dry sieving and had high proportion of aggregates at the size of <0.5 mm after wet sieving. Soil dispersion was mainly reflected in aggregate at the size of 0.05- 0.001 mm under different land use patterns. It was significantly different to land use patterns effect on soil anti-erodibility. Soil anti-erodibility in Chinese fir plantation and Eucalyptus plantation were stronger than those of tea plantation, loquat orchard and abandoned farmland. Water-stable aggregate stability was the highest in Chinese fir plantation, followed by eucalyptus plantations and tea plantations, and water-stable aggregate stability was the lowest in loquat orchards and abandoned farmland. Except for coarse dust, the other soil particle content of the same size had the different change under different land use patterns. The change of status of aggregate and degree of aggregation was opposite to the change of dispersive coefficient under different land use patterns. Water stability index and soil organic matter content in Chinese fir plantation, eucalyptus plantation and loquat orchard was higher than that of abandoned farmland and tea plantation. So, land use patterns of Chinese fir plantation and eucalyptus plantation was reasonable in study area.