Advanced Materials Research Vols. 463-464

Abstract: The presence of biomass resources and benefiting from such energy producing sources in every country supply a part of country’s energy needs, reduce its environmental effects and cause creation of new jobs. In this regard this paper presents the state of biomass energy in Iran. Results of this study shows that the major biomass resources in Iran are agricultural solid wastes (%59), animal wastes (%28), corrupting waste materials (%11) and civil and industrial waste waters (%2). According to statistical data, the potential biomass energy in Iran is equal to 15 million ton of crude oil which will be estimated about %13 of annual Iranian crude oil sale. The project of survey the potential and feasibility of energy obtaining out of burring solid wastes of Mashhad and Shiraz are executive activities of biomass in Iran and also survey the potential and feasibility of energy obtaining out of burring solid wastes of other cities of Iran and installation of biomass power plant are future activities of biomass in Iran.

Abstract: In medical field are used many categories of mechanical systems, from simple mechanisms to the complex mechatronic systems. Present paper is focused to those mechanical systems that are working in vertical plane by supporting loads or by lifting weights. The targets are both patients and medical workers. Paper is proposing some new devices and mechanisms for supporting the weights that are hanged to the ceiling. These mechanical systems are called too with zero-stiffness because the balancing force does not depend to elongation of elastic system. For all the presented solutions the balancing of the weight forces will be done by using the elastic forces of torsion spiral springs and cylindrical helical springs with straight characteristics. The balancing is made exactly for all positions throughout the work field.

Abstract: In recent years more attention is paid to high-efficiency and nontoxic corrosion inhibitor. Synergistic inhibition is an effective means to improve the inhibitive force of inhibitor. The aim of this work is to attempt to find out inhibition mechanism and synergistic effect of Lysozyme (LYZ) and vitamin B1 (VB1) and to diversify the application of inhibitor in acidic medium. The corrosion inhibition effect of LYZ and VB1 for carbon steel specimens in 0.5 mol•L-1 sulphuric acid solution have been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The obtained results show that carbon steel is more efficiently protected by the mixture of lysozyme and vitamin B1 (LYZ-VB1) than LYZ or VB1. By potentiodynamic polarization method, the highest inhibition efficiencies of 89.5% and 80.04% are observed with single LYZ or VB1, respectively, and an improved inhibition efficiency of 94.2% is obtained with LYZ-VB1 at 25°C.

Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the application of learning impedance control scheme to exoskeleton arm driven by pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM), for assisting in the rehabilitation of patients who suffer from debilitating illness. An iterative learning impedance control problem for robotic manipulators is analyzed, proposed and solved. The target impedance reference modifies a desired trajectory according to the force signals and position signals of the joint. The desired control input of learning impedance control was estimated by radial basis function (RBF) neural network incorporated experience database. The curves of experiment result on the experimental setup show that the algorithm is successful also in the application of exoskeleton arm.

Abstract: scatter photon produced during radiationtherapy with high energy photons is the main source of unwanted out-of-field and superficial received doses of patients.Surface buildup dose is dependent on electron contamination primarily from the unblocked view of the flattening filter and secondarily from air and collimation systems .We performed a comprehensive set of surface and buildup dose measurements with a thin window parallel-plate (PPC-40) chamber to examine effects of attenuating media in front of 6 MV X ray. To evaluate the impact of beam segmentation on buildup dose, measurements were performed with 10 × 10 cm2 fields, Measurements were performed in Solid Water using parallel plate chambers and diode for a 6 MV X-ray beam.

Abstract: Bio-batteries are environmental friendly electricity generation devices that utilize energy from biological sources , like glucose[1][2]. It consists of an anode with digesting enzymes and a cathode comprising oxygen-reducing enzymes. Immobilizing enzymes is a considerable issue in these kinds of devices. In this article, we propose two new methods for immobilizing and shifting particles likewise enzymes used in bio-batteries towards the anode or cathode end. Our experiments illustrate how tiny particles could be trapped in the nodes of the ultrasonic standing waves and by two methods of displacing the nodes, we can transfer the particles towards a desired location. First method is based on sweeping the frequency of the operation to the higher frequency and the second is based on changing the circuit phase. The above-mentioned methods can be used instead of the other common method in which certain polymers is applied for this purpose. Using these polymers are not economically commodious and makes bio-batteries too expensive[1]. We hope suggested methods lead to wide spread production of bio-batteries in near future and in more efficient ways than they are currently being produced

Abstract: A hybrid TS-SVM model is provided for evaluation of lake eutrophication, expecting offering warranties for the lake management. In the hybrid TS-SVM model, taboo search (TS) was used to optimize the key parameters of support vector machines (SVM) to make enhancement on the forecasting effect of SVM. Then applies the hybrid TS-SVM model to evaluate 30 representative nourishment lakes in China and analyses the assessment result. By evaluating the nutrition level of 30 representative nourishment lakes in China and in comparison with other analytical methods, the results show that this method provides a simple and practical method for evaluating eutrophication.

Abstract: There are three adjustable parameters in the radial basis function, the center of the basis function cj, the width parameter and the output unit weight wj. Through optimization the parameters of the radial basis function by Particle swarm optimization algorithm, a neural network model of underground water is generated, which is used to study the grade of underground water in the ten monitoring points of the black dragon hole. By applying the PSO-RBF model to underground water assessment in the ten monitoring points of the black dragon hole, the results of this evaluation, which correspond with the real conditions, are basically in accord with those obtained by other evaluation methods, and also show the practicability to groundwater quality assessment.

Abstract: Dam-break flood affected by highly changing and complex environment, has some characteristics including the sudden of occurrence, the rapid of expansion and the urgency of respond. This paper focuses on how to develop a virtual geographic environment (VGE) system to study the dam-break flood routing and its impact. Unlike existing work, our methods pay attention to the multidimensional and dynamic analysis methods in virtual geographic environment, which make flood routing easily understood to public and officers. Moreover, some GIS spatial analysis and real-time interactive operation with the VGE will also be implemented to support the risk assessment of the dam-break. Finally, a prototype system is developed to construct a virtual geographic environment for impact analysis of dam-break flood routing and dynamic interaction. Experimental results prove that the scheme addressed in the paper is effective and feasible.

Abstract: Thermoacoustic air conditioning system is a new technology design of cooling system which offers the possibility for simple and efficient energy conversion devices. This research is looking an alternative for CFC-contained system that caused severe environmental hazards. The system does not use refrigerant but utilizes sound waves that propagate through the air via molecular collisions. The important element in the system is the secondary thermodynamic medium, stack which provides the phasing between heat transfer and pressure changes at acoustical frequencies. The objective of this research is to observe the cooling phenomenon in this system, which the temperature different above and below the stack are then compared if any changes happened in both sections.