Advanced Materials Research Vols. 518-523

Abstract: Pesticides not only play an important role in development of agricultural in China, but also bring much neurotoxicity on the safety of human by intervention compound, analyze and metabolize of neurotransmitter. Many pesticides have neurotransmitter toxicity, including inhibition of cholinesterase activity, increasing excitatory amino acid, decreasing the level of Dopamine. The paper made a brief overview on the toxicity of pesticides on neurotransmitter.

Abstract: Exampled on the catchments area of LiangTan River in Chongqing, this paper analyzed the Ecological potential ecological hazard of water heavy metal, such as Hg、Cr、As、Zn、Pb. The result shows that in the dry seasons, about water heavy metal potential ecological hazard, from high to low the order was Cr>As>Pb; on the other, in the rainy season, the order was Cr>Pb> Zn. Then, we calculated the economic losses inside in urban and rural connection area in chongqing. It was about 1.08*10⁹ Yuan per year, and it was 4.29% of total production value of rural industry. Plus the potential ecological losses and agriculture production losses, it up to 3773723.2*10⁴～66093601*10⁴ Yuan per year. Compared to gross profit of rural industry, it was 34 times, and up to 77.5% of total rural industry output.

Abstract: During the groundwater has been suffered from varies degrees pollution. It needs an approach to help decision maker to determine remediation strategies. In this study, a groundwater multi-objective model that includes two objectives (i.e. total remediation cost and average concentration after remediation) is proposed and successfully applied to a petroleum-contaminated aquifer located in western Canada. It can determine a remediation strategy through optimal software MATLAB after convert multi-objective into a non-linear objective using α liner weighting method.

Abstract: In this work, the breakthrough curves of styrene in fixed beds packed separately with hydrochloric acid-modified sepiolite were determined. And the Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) method is applied to research the desorption activation energy on modified sepiolite and untreated sepiolite. The results showed that in compared with the original sepiolite, the hydrochloric acid-modified sepiolite had more surface basic groups, pore volume and higher surface area so that their adsorption capacities of styrene were improved. The sepiolite modified with 12% hydrochloric acid solution had more micropore volume and higher surface area than the other modified sepiolite, and thus its adsorption capacity of styrene was the highest. The activation energy for desorption of styrene on the modified is higher than on the original sepiolite, this show that using hydrochloric acid modified sepiolite can enhance its adsorption of styrene.

Abstract: The article reviewed the advanced methods of ecological floating bed including usage of non-biodegradable bio-carrier, choosen of excellent plants, ion-beam irradiation, immobilized bacteria and aeration. Based on the review, the authors present the idea using biodegrable materials as bio-carrier, which not only could enhance the biomass in the ecological floating bed, but also could overcome the insufficience in carbon source for biological denitrification.

Abstract: The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe) were studied around coal mine spoil piles in Shiguai district of Baotou located in Inner Mongolia grassland and desert transition zone. Aim of the study is to control soil heavy metal pollution of coal mining area and provide the basic data information. The results indicated that concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn in the soil along the roadsides were higher than other sampling areas. The pollution characteristic and the elements of heavy metal contamination were corresponding with the concentrations of the different types of coal mine spoils. According to the single factor pollution index, soils from different regions were contaminated by Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Fe in varying degree. The pollution degree was in order: Cu > Cr > Fe > Zn > Ni > Mn. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index indicated that soils from the roadsides had the most serious heavy metal contamination, the index was 3.11. The order of pollution level in different regions was: roadsides > flood land > farmland > woodland. The health and stabilization of environmental quality are being threatened by soil heavy metals.

Abstract: A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the bioremediation condition of hydrocarbon in soil by microbial consortium KL9-1. A four-level Box-Behnken factorial design was employed to study the relationship of independent variables and dependent variable by applying pH value, inoculation amount of microbial consortium KL9-1, ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus (N/P ) and surfactant (SDBS) concentration as independent variables (factors) and crude oil removal rate as dependent variable (response). Then the statistically significant model was obtained and numerical optimization based on desirability function was carried out for pH 7.0, inoculation amount 50.0 mL, N/P 2: 1 and SDBS concentration 4.0 g, and the hydrocarbon removal rate reached as high as 52.58%. The predictive values showed good agreement with the experimental values under the optimization conditions, by standard variance <1.3%. It showed that the optimal result was reliable.

Abstract: The total emission of CO₂ obviously increased while the GDP rise. And China would become the biggest country on total emission of CO₂ in future under the International Energy Agency. Demo projects had shown that carbon dioxide geological storage was one kind of tech that useful depositing the CO₂ under the ground. In China concentrated CO₂ sources distributed in or around the sedimentary basins which owned suitable geological conditions to storage CO₂ into underground rock formations. And the storage capacity was large.

Abstract: In this paper Yuan River was taken as an example of the southern river, and Taizi River was an example of the northern river. Based on the contents of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and COD in the sediments, the distribution of pollutants in the sediments along the Yuan River and Taizi River were analyzed; When the pollutant contents of individual sections were particularly higher, the pollution sources were studied; Through the contrast of pollutants contents in sediments between Yuan River and Taizi River, the contents of Taizi River were higher 2-5 times than Yuan River. Then the causes were summarized from temperature,hydrological condition, discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater and sand contents.

Abstract: China’s industry accounts for 46.8% of the national gross domestic product (GDP) and plays an important strategic role to its economic growth, but it is also the main water pollution sources. In order to identify the relationship between the underlying driving forces and various environmental indicators, two critical industrial wastewater pollutant discharges over 2001-2009, including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄-N), were decomposed into three factors, i.e., production effect (caused by change in the scale of economic activity), structural effect (caused by change in economic structure) and intensity effect (caused by change in technological level of the sector), using a logarithmic mean Divisia index I (LMDI I) decomposition method. Results showed that: (1) the average annual effect changes of industrial wastewater changes of COD discharges in China is -2.99% with the production effect, structural effect, and intensity effect as 14.64%, -1.39%, and -16.24%, respectively. Similarly, the average effect changes of industrial wastewater changes of NH4-N discharges is -4.03% with production effect, structural effect, and intensity effect as 16.18%, -2.88%, and -17.33%, respectively. (2) production effect was the major factor responsible for the rise of COD and NH₄-N discharges, accounting for 45% and 44% of the total contribution. (3) structural effect contributed to the decrease of COD and NH₄-N discharges with a small effect of 4% and 8% in total contribution. (4) intensity effect had an dominant decremental effect in COD and NH₄-N discharges, accounting for 50% and 48% of the total contribution; intensity effect could be further decomposed in cleaner production effect and pollution abatement effect, and cleaner production effect of COD and NH₄-N accounts for 60% and 55% in pollution reduction. (5) the main contributors to incremental COD and NH₄-N discharges among industrial sub-sectors were manufacture of paper and paper products, processing of food from agricultural products, manufacture of textile and so on. These sectors should be the top priorities for policy makers to reduce pollutants discharges, and the potential measures are industrial restructuring and related regulation.