Advanced Materials Research Vols. 608-609

Abstract: Five kinds of modified Y zeolite-based fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts were prepared. The N₂ adsorption desorption and NH₃ temperature-programmed-desorption (NH₃-TPD) were used to investigate the pore structure and acidic properties of the catalysts. The effects of pore structure and acidic properties of catalysts on the catalytic cracking performance of Venezuelan heavy oil were carried out using an advanced cracking evaluation unit. The results of N₂ adsorption desorption and NH3-TPD show that CAT-A and CAT-B catalysts with rundle pore distribution have a similar pore sizes and acid_{Subscript textSubscript text}ic properties. The catalytic cracking results show that the acidic properties and the pore distribution of the catalysts have obvious effects on the conversion and product distribution. The light oil yield and total liquid oil yield can reach 58.75wt% and 73.83 wt%, respectively, under reaction temperature of 520°C.

Abstract: The precalcined and calcined silica supported cobalt catalysts at 15, 20, and 25%Co were investigated by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) including the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The results showed the phase of Co(NO₃)₂.6H₂O in all precalcined catalysts, which corresponded to the XRD measurement. When increasing the amount of cobalt in the precalcined catalysts, there was the presence of ordered Co(NO₃)₂.6H₂O phase. After calcination in Ar at 600°C for 6 h, the Co₃O₄ phase was presented in all calcined catalysts. For the catalytic performance testing, the selected 20%Co/Aerosil_wi_calcined catalyst was reduced at 450°C in H₂ and operated at 190°C with a total pressure of 10 bar and H₂/CO flow rate of 20:10 ml/min for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. After reaction testing, the used 20%Co/Aerosil_wi catalyst showed the main phase of Co₃O₄. The result showed high methane selectivity at the beginning of reaction. By increasing of reaction time, the methane selectivity tended to decrease, whereas the C₂-C₄ and C₅₊ selectivity was increased.

Abstract: A simulation of syngas-to-synthetic natural gas (SNG) process is presented. It mainly consists of the modeling of methanation process via a fluidized bed reactor and CO2 removal via Selexol absorption process. The effects of methanation temperature and pressure on the composition, yield and higher heating value (HHV) of SNG, as well as exergy efficiency of the process were investigated. The results indicate that the methanation temperature with a range of 300 °C to 350 °C and methation pressure with a range of 2.5 bar to 15 bar are recommended for the syngas-to-SNG process. The CO2 removal efficiency should be carefully determined to make the composition of SNG meet the relevant technical requirement. The syngas-to-SNG process with heat recovery has high exergy efficiency, which varies from 90.9% to 94.5%. There is less potential for improving the exergy efficiency of the process.

Abstract: In the present, Xintan Kendong 451-the 4th Kendong union station gathering is heavy oil mixed with hot water process and open operation mode. In the pipeline, without the variation of water content, in closed gathering means, mixed with hot water; mixing activity water and emulsifying gathering process are tested. The results show that the heavy oil gathering process of selection and gathering distance are related, for little variation of the water content and the flow, at about 50 °C. The distance is shorter in the gathering, the use of hot water mixed gathering process more reasonable, when gathering distance is longer, selection of emulsion pipeline gathering process more reasonable.

Abstract: The aquathermolysis of Shengli heavy oil during steam stimulation was studied by using a new oil-soluble catalyst for the reaction in this paper. The laboratory experiment shows that the viscosity reduction ratio of heavy oil is over 75% at the circumstances of 200°C, 24 hs, 0.3 % catalyst solution. The viscosity of upgraded heavy oil is changed from 25306mPa•s to 6175mPa•s at 50°C. The chemical and physical properties of heavy oil both before and after reaction were studied by using column chromatography (CC) analysis and elemental analysis (EL). The percentage of saturated hydrocarbon、aromatic hydrocarbon and H/C increased, and resin、asphalt and the amount of element of S,O and N decreased after the aquathermolysis. The changes of the composition and structure of the heavy oil can lead to the viscosity reduction and the improvement the quality of heavy oil. The results are very useful for the popularization and application of the new technology for the in situ upgrading of heavy oil by aquathermolysis.

Abstract: The intermediates polysuccinimide were synthesised by Maleic anhydride. Through the ring-opening reaction of polysuccinimide by ethylenediamine, which followed by alkaline hydrolysis and aminolysis, obtained cross-linked poly aspartic acid has a flaky structure. Using of its reticular, controling on the morphology of calcium carbonate crystals in the water. Compared with poly aspartic acid, the dissolution of the cross-linked product has been reduced by nearly 100 times. Static scaling inhibition experiments confirm that, cross-linked poly aspartic acid not only has the complexing capacity nature of the calcium in water, but also can control the growth of calcium carbonate scale to spherical, which has a special nature of lattice distortion.

Abstract: A new method was proposed for determining total base numbers (TBN) of engine oils with semi-derivative Voltammetry. This method uses acetone containing hydrochloric acid as neutralization agent for titrating TBN, the remained hydrochloric acid reacts with insoluble substances, the insoluble substances are transformed into soluble and electro-active ones in acetone. Through determining the concentration of electro-active substances in the solution, oil’s TBN could be evaluated accurately. The experimental results had shown the method is simple, rapid environmentally-friendly, and could be used at-site.

Abstract: In order to speed up the formation process of gas hydrate, we investigated the effect of pressure disturbance in the static formation process of propane hydrate in visual reaction cell. The results indicate that, compared with the process of no pressure disturbance, pressure disturbance could promote the formation process of propane hydrate effectively in 100 hours of the experimental process, improving the growth rate of propane hydrate. The average growth rate of propane hydrate reached the degree of 0.0526mm/h, it is 4 times as great as that of no pressure disturbance.

Abstract: This work analyzes different gasification processes affect on WGS process with Excel-Aspen Plus based models.in large scale production. Results show that Shell gasifier can obtain higher (CO + H₂)/syngas ratio and higher thermal efficiency but lower H₂/CO ratio than Texaco gasifier. However, both of H₂/CO ratios are below 1.0 and WGS reaction has to carry out to prepare for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The simulation shows Shell syngas does not offer adequate H₂O molecules for WGS shift reaction and it can be supplied by the 5.2MPa steam generated from the boiler of the Shell gasification process. Texaco syngas has sufficient H₂O molecules to meet the need of this reaction. The overall thermal efficiency of the Texaco-WGS is lower than that of the Shell-WGS.

Abstract: Polyethylene pipes (PE), because of its corrosion resistance, welding, and long service life, PE pipes are used more and more widely in the gas industry. This topic is based on global warming, the phenomenon which leads to global warming, and studies the impact of temperature changes on the characteristics of polyethylene pipe. This paper uses thermal stress analysis function finite element software ANSYS, and selected PE80 SDR11 as calculating model, then establish thermal stress model to study Stress variation trend when inner wall temperature is 15° and outer wall temperature load varies. Thus, provides good suggestions and measures for the gas network operation and management.