Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: The gully, Anjiagou, located in Gaodian Village of Miansi Town, Wenchuan County, in Aba Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, is an old debris flow gully. Influenced by “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake, lots of secondary geological disasters as landslide, slump or unstable slope occurred in the gully; further, adverse geologic phenomena got worse; loose or porous solid material source increased largely. These resulted in highly debris flow proneness and rising danger.That is, Possibility of large-scale debris flow occurrence increased greatly. As is usual in disaster-stricken area, earthquake makes geo-environment deteriorate seriously. Projects in such area, which have passed geo-environmental assessment, should be reevaluated.

Abstract: Aiming at studying liquefied natural gas discharging on water and evaporated natural gas dispersion, based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory, using FLUENT to simulate the Coyote series 3 and 5. It is validated that FLUENT simulation results closer to experimental values than SLAB and DEGADIS model simulation results. And it is simulated the NG dispersing on water by setting higher wall heat conduction rate and simulated LNG discharging on ground by using lower LNG evaporation rate. By comparing the results, it is proved that LNG spilling and dispersion on water would get higher volume concentration than which occurs on ground.

Abstract: Heavy metals and pesticides released to the environment render the waters suffering from combined pollution. This study investigated the toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures of copper (Cu) and two organophosphorus pesticides (dichlorvos (DIC) and dimethoate (DIM)) to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. For each of three binary mixture groups (Cu-DIC, Cu-DIM, and DIC-DIM), five mixture rays were constructed by using the direct equipartition ray design (EquRay). For the ternary mixture group of Cu-DIC-DIM, five ternary mixture rays were constructed by using the uniform design ray (UD-Ray). The mixture toxicity was determined by the microplate toxicity analysis and assessed by the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA). It is shown that the observed toxicities of all binary mixtures were almost estimated by CA or IA while those of the ternary mixtures were significantly lower than CA or IA estimations.

Abstract: Increasing studies in China are assessing the soil Lead (Pb) levels due to its adverse health effects. However, few of them directly focus on the Pb related health risk, especially on those susceptible children living in the urban industrial park. This study evaluated the health risks of Pb-exposed children in an industrial park of XX City using the IEUBK model. Results show that the excessive Pb concentrations existed in few sampling points and the maximum Pb concentration is 1.35 times more than the second level of Soil Environmental Quality Standard of China (SEQSC). Meanwhile, the difference of the Pb-exposed health risks for children under two scenarios (with or without Pb polluted vegetables intake) is 14.61%. It can be concluded that the health risk of Pb-exposed children in study area is unacceptable and the risk might be predominantly attributed to ingestion of vegetables.

Abstract: Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is found to be associated with adverse cardiopulmonary diseases. Endotoxin presented in PM is suggested to be one of the most important factors in triggering pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine release upon the exposure of PM. Pre-treated with endotoxin is found to enhance the inflammatory responses induced by PM in cultured cells. The aim of present study is to investigate the roles of endotoxin on the cytotoxicity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PM2.5 in a human lung epithelial cell line A549. The results find that PM2.5 induced a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and pre-treated with endotoxin did not change the cytotoxicity of PM2.5 in A549 cells. Nevertheless the endotoxin significantly reduced the ROS generation in A549 induced by PM2.5 at the dose of 400 μg/mL. The results indicated that the combined effects of endotoxin and PM were complex and deserved further investigations.

Abstract: Application of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and deterministic risk assessment (DRA) at a coking plant site were compared. By DRA, Hazard Quotient (HQ) following exposure to Naphthalene (Nap) and Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) following exposure to Benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) are 1.87 and 2.12×10^-4. PRA reveals valuable information regarding the possible distribution of risk, and the outputs show that Nap HQ ranges from 6.18×10^-7 to 6.62 and Bap ILCR ranges from 8.67×10^-10 to 6.89×10^-4. Risk estimates of DRA locates at the 99.59th and 99.76th percentiles in the risk outputs of PRA, indicating the DRA overestimates the risk. Sensitivity analysis was done by calculating a contribution to variance for each exposure parameter and it is found that contaminant concentration in the soil (C_s), exposure duration (ED), soil ingestion rate (IR_s) are the most important parameters for risk calculations

Abstract: The diffusion properties of heavy metal copper ion are studied on sandy soil from Xiasha zone, Hangzhou city, China. The sandy soil is put into the large scale reaction tank in the laboratory, then compacted layer, and made to reach the degree of the natural density. The solution with concentration of copper sulfate is added into one end of the reaction tank, then the solution of the copper ion will diffuse into the sandy soil in the self-weight stress. Based on the adsorption content of the copper ion in the sandy, the diffusion regularity of the copper ion in the sandy soil is studied by the analytic test in the laboratory, and the diffusion mechanism of the copper ion is analyzed. Experimental results show that the adsorption contents of the copper ion in the sandy soil decreases with the increasement of the diffusion and the movement distance. Besides, the relationship between the adsorption contents of the heavy metal copper ion in the sandy soil and the diffusion and the movement distance can be formulated as an exponential function.

Abstract: Vulnerability assessment for groundwater pollution is an important indication for groundwater management in many areas of the world. According to the principles of systemic evaluation indicators and its impact factors, the GOD model is selected as the fundamental method for groundwater vulnerability assesment in Jiangying City. Furthermore,the scientific and rational evaluation results are demonstrated. The findings in this paper is helpful in providing some reference or basis for sustainable development of regional groundwater capacity, and evaluating sustainable agricultural development capacity of Jiangyin city. The evaluation results for groundwater quality is consisted with the actually situation in study area. The work is meaningful to guide a theoretical and practical regulation for groundwater resource, as well as to explore the mechanism of groundwater contamination resulting from agricultural activities.

Abstract: Taking the actual measured data and the simulating result from WRF(Weather Research & Forecasting)/CALMET numerical model, analysing the air flow field in the industrial park in some valley of northern Sichuan Province, it shows that the valley has the mountain-valley wind formed by the topographical thermodynamic effects, and the characters of mountain-valley wind change with season. In January in winter, the valley wind appears at 8:30 in the morning, and prevails after 2 hours transition. The wind strength (wind velocity, circulation height and thickness) is the strongest at about 14:00. The valley wind lasts about 7 hours, and then changes into the mountain wind at 17:30. After 3.5 hours, at 21:00, the mountain wind prevails and lasts 11.5 hours to 8:30 in the next morning. In July in summer, the valley wind appears at 6:30 in the morning. Through 1.5 hours transition, the valley wind prevails at 8:00 and becomes the strongest at 14:00. The valley wind lasts about 10.5 hours and begins to change into the mountain wind at 19:00 in 3 hours. From 22:00 to 6:30 in the next morning, the slope wind prevails and lasts about 8.5 hours. In winter, the thickness for valley wind is bout 100~300m with the average wind speed 1.5~4.0m/s and the thickness for mountain wind is 50~200m with average wind speed 1.5~3.0m/s and circulating sphere height 600~800m. In summer, the valley wind thickness is about 200~500m with average wind speed 2.0~7.0m/s and the mountain wind thickness is about 150~400m with average wind speed 1.5~5m/s and circulation layer height 600~800m. Since the orientation of mountains is different at the both sides of valley, the time and the strength for the mountains receiving the solar radiation are different, the regulation and the characters for mountain-valley wind appearing and disappearing are also different.

Abstract: The concentrations of heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb) in topsoil and dust-fall around Dalate Power Plant were analyzed for assessing heavy metals pollution risk in Erdos, China. Topsoil and plants were collected in open area. The results show topsoil windward of Dalate Plant is clean. Topsoil leeward is polluted by heavy metals, heavy metals concentrations increase till 2500m, then decrease to background level. Dust-fall is an important heavy-metals source leeward.CF and PN indicate there are slight Cr and Cd pollution in 2500m topsoil. The rest topsoil is suspected contaminated by heavy metals. Ex indicate Cr and Cd pollution can be monitored and restored by Didymodon vinealis and Bryum argenteum Hedw., Zn and Cu pollution can be monitored and restores by Populus sinonii and Artemisia ordosica in the area.