Advanced Materials Research Vols. 610-613

Abstract: Hongshan district is a typical region in Three Parallel Rivers World Natural Heritage site of China. In recent years, human factors lead to series ecological security problems. Ecological safety assessment is an important basis to study regional ecological security situation. Using 2006 and 1990 time image interpretation data, we have built Driving forces- Pressure- State- Impact- Responses (DPSIR) model by GIS and structured ecological safety evaluation index system. Using Spss17 etc software and according to the weight and ecological safety factor calculation evaluated ecological safety in the area, and got the ecological security level space differences. The results show that three towns in the area 1990 to 2006 ecological safety evaluation, Gezan Village ecological security synthetical index reduced from 0.3335 to 0.4550, and the ecological security level dropped from 4 to 5, and in extremely insecurity state; Dongwang Village increased from 0.5252 to 0.5707, level keep 4, belong to quite insecurity state; Jiantang Township increased from 0.6438 to 0.6672, level keep 3, belong to insecurity state. We proposed ecological safety protection suggestions.

Abstract: This paper discussed the conception, intension and basic theory of the water security, introduced the Water Poverty Index(WPI) composed by the Resource (R), Access (A), Use (U), Capacity (C) and Environment (E), then applied the WPI into the water security evaluation problem in Lanzhou city. The evaluation results show that the water poverty theory is available in the urban water application.

Abstract: Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is found to be associated with adverse cardiovascular diseases. Quinones present in the traffic-related PM are hypothesized to contribute to these harmful effects through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the impacts of the airborne quinones on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human vascular endothelial cells are less well known. The aim of the present study is to assess whether exposure to three typical airborne quinones, including anthraquinone (AQ), 1,4-naphthroquinone (NQ) and benzoquinone (BQ), can induce cytotoxicity and DNA damage in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Cell viability, plasma membrane damage (lactate dehydrogenase leakage), and DNA damage were assessed in HUVEC after exposed to the three airborne quinones. Significant cytotoxicity was caused by the three quinones, indicating by the significant decrease in cell viability and significant increase in LDH activity. AQ and BQ slightly increased the DNA damage in HUVEC without significance. The ROS generation was not observed in HUVEC after exposed to AQ, NQ or BQ, suggesting that the cyototoxicity and the DNA damage caused by these quinones in HUVEC were not generated through the oxidative stress pathway. Our results suggest that AQ, NQ and BQ presented in the traffic-related particles may participate in the development of cardiovascular diseases through causing cytotoxicity and DNA damage in vascular endothelial cells.

Abstract: Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. However, the direct impact of the traffic-related PM on the cytotoxicity and genotoxic damage in vascular endothelial cells is less well known. The aim of the present study is to assess whether exposure to the organic extracts of traffic related-PM (oTRP) can induce cytotoxicity, DNA damage and oxidative stress in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The cell viability was determined by MTT assay after treatment with oTRP for 24 h. The injury of the cell plasma membrane was evaluated by testing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage in cell culture supernatant. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined to evaluate the level of oxidative stress in cells. DNA damage was measured by alkaline Comet assay. The results showed that significantly dose-dependent cytotoxicity and DNA damage was detected in HUVEC after treated with oTRP for 24 h. A concomitant decrease in SOD activity was observed, suggesting that oTRP may mediate genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in HUVEC through the oxidative stress pathway. These results indicate that organic extracts of traffic related-PM has a potency to cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell death and plasma membrane damage in HUVEC, thus may be participated in the development of cardiovascular diseases through damaging vascular endothelial cells.

Abstract: According to the environmental conditions on the blasting spot,the blasting notch shape and the blasting parameters were reasonably chosen,and series safety measures were reasonably adopted,which made a sixty-five-meter brick chimney to be demolished successfully.

Abstract: In this study, the blood oxygen saturation of 10 volunteers performing light, medium and heavy physical labors were examined under different climatic conditions in a chamber. The climatic conditions referred to one group of comfort environment (25°C dry bulb temperature and 50% relative humidity) and three groups of thermal environment (30°C, 35°C, 40°Cdry bulb temperature and 90% relative humidity). The results reveal the blood oxygen saturation of subjects performing same physical labor decreased in different thermal environments, the values within normal variations. The blood oxygen saturation of subjects performing different physical labors decreased in same environmental condition, the values also within normal variations. It shows in conditions of 30~40°C, 90%relative humidity, human bodies under light, medium and heavy physical labors ingested less oxygen compared with the thermal comfort environment. And it indicates the human body oxygen delivery is decreasing and in anaerobic condition in hot environment.

Abstract: Bird environment in different airfield is quite different, which results the causes of bird strike have significant differences. It should be based on the actual bird environment information and analysis results in different airfield, to develop practical prevention measures for bird strike. Through the investigations of bird situations in Zhengzhou airfield, combining with regularity and characteristics of the previous bird strike events, the five factors evaluation model of bird strike risk is initially built. Evaluation system for bird risk is built based on the principle of entropy method empowered. Based on the evaluation model of bird strike risk, the risk values and integrated risk values (IRV) of different bird species can be calculated in Zhengzhou airfield. The airfield birds are classified with the difference of bird strike risk according to the IRV. Specifically preventive proposals and measures are put forward based on bird strike risk classification for the different bird species. The results show that bird species of highest risk account for more than 20%, and higher risk more than 26%. Countermeasures of bird strike prevention are proposed with the results of risk classification. First it should be taken preventive measures, which focus on 7 bird species of IRV≥0.4. Second it should be paid attention to the prevention of 9 bird species on 0.3≤IRV<0.4.

Abstract: Nursing undergraduate students are a reserve force for the rescue of natural disaster. Their abilities in self-cognition and response are supposed to be closely related to the development and perfection of them in moral and personality, and their attitude and quality when they are engaged in nursing work in the future. The questionnaire investigation demonstrated that the nursing undergraduate students understood the natural disaster cognition to some extent, but their understanding was limited and one-sided; the students’ abilities in the disaster cognition were influenced by sex, the cognition on nursing specialized responsibility, the self-role cognition and the deed to disaster reserve knowledge (P < 0. 05), indicating that they did not have a full ability to deal with a disaster independently. Therefore, nursing undergraduate students should be educated through various pathways and in different forms in colleges and universities to improve their cognition on the disaster prevention and handling ability.

Abstract: The water quality and Carassius auratus growth status in nearby rivers was studied during the commwassioning of ±800KV DC transmwassion grounding electrode. The result shows that there was favorable relativity between water temperature and the temperature of the day in nearby river（r≥0.9）, but there was no obvious change in PH, conductivity, salinity and DO. Significant analyswas result of fry death rate and assume growth rate shows that almost two month commwassioning has no obvious effect on larva growth of Carassius auratus.

Abstract: It is the key spatial pattern for city's ecological safety and health, and the basic guarantee of the city and citizens to attain the sustainable natural service. Those serious eco-environmental hazard affecting hilly city have appeared. we should input more investment into environmental protection, and develop green technology and recycling economy. In order to guarantee ecological security, the countermeasures for ecological infrastructure construction are put forward, establishing the green space system including suburban forest, farmland and green space, recovering wetland ecosystem, optimizing industrial structure and urban spatial distribution, and developing recycling economy, establishing ecological infrastructure monitoring network and information forecast system, carrying out ecological management.