Advanced Materials Research Vols. 634-638

Abstract: 1-O-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-6-O-caffeoyl-β-D-glucoside (PPCG) was isolated in extraordinary high yield from the dried buds of Vaccinium dunalianum. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of PPCG on platelet aggregation in animals. In in vitro tests, PPCG showed an inhibitory effect on ADP/PAF-induced platelet aggregation. PPCG significantly prolonged the mice bleeding and clotting time. PPCG (100 and 200 mg/kg) dose dependently reduced mortality of ADP-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism mice to 80% and 70%, respectively, a high dose (200 mg/kg) of that can reduce serum TC and TG levels of the experimental hyperlipidemia animals, but cannot lower blood viscosity. The observations provide a scientific basis for traditional use of this plant for the treatment of articular rheumatism. Furthermore, these results also suggested that PPCG had anti-thromboembolic effects and good prospects for drug development of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases.

Abstract: Polysaccharides were extracted from clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) (RPPS) by enzymatic method, and the crude polysaccharides were purified by filtration DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow chromatography and Sephacryl S-400 size-exclusion chromatography. Two main fractions of RPPS-1a and RPPS-1b were separated. Furthermore, characterizations, such as polysaccharides composition and thermal properties, were analyzed. The results showed that polysaccharides extraction rate was 0.89%, and polysaccharides content was 62.5%. The polysaccharides were comprised of aminosu-gars, uronic acid, fucose and sulfate, which accounted for 0.27%, 59.30%, 0.75% and 1.33%, respectively. According to the infrared spectra, both RPPS-1a and RPPS-1b were polysaccharides containing -CHO and-COOH, and RPPS-1a had an additional sulfate groups. DSC analysis revealed that RPPS-1a might have straight-chain crystals, and RPPS-1b might contain more branch-chain crystals.

Abstract: High-speed counter-current chromatography(HSCCC) was successfully used for isolation and purification of Aloin A and Aloin B from the crude methanol extract of Aloe with a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform–methanol–n-butylalcohol-water at an optimized volume ratio of 4:3:1:2 (v/v/v/v). The lower phase was used as the mobile phase in the head to tail elution mode. The preparative HSCCC separation was performed on 180 mg of the crude extract yielding pure Aloin A(18mg) and Aloin B(16mg) at purities of 95.2% and 96.8%, respectively, as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HSCCC is a powerful technique for isolation and separation of chemical composition from aloe.

Abstract: This study reported the nutritional components and heavy metals of Hijiki seaweed (Hizikia fusiformis) and investigated the efficacy of aqueous extraction method to remove inorganic arsenic from Hijiki seaweed. Hijiki contained 12.2% of crude proteins, 1.8% of total lipids, 14.0% of ashes, 11.3% of total fiber with dry weight, respectively. The content of protein and ashes were slightly lower than other edible seaweeds including Laminaria japonica, Porphyra tenera, Undaria pinnatifida, Palmaria palmate, while the total fiber was much higher compared with those four seaweeds (6.7-7.8%), which showed more benefits to human health especially to intestines. However, Hijiki contained extremely high amount of heavy metal arsenic (total arsenic: 100mg/kg; inorganic arsenic: 44 mg/kg, dry weight), which might be a major safety concern for human consumption. We developed an aqueous removal method to remove inorganic arsenic from Hijiki. The majority of inorganic arsenic (95.9-96.6%) was removed at optimal condition (50°C, pH 4, 8-12h).The inorganic arsenic content of Hijiki ranged from 0.37 mg/kg to 0.46 mg/kg with wet weight after the treatment and met the hygienic standard for marine algae and algae products.

Abstract: Lactase from the thermophilic bacteria has the good characteristics of heat-stability, high production and low pollution, and can effectively solve people’s problem of “lactose intolerance”. In the present work, a thermostable lactase-producing strain was isolated from the fermenting sample in fermenting tank of a spice factory in Chinese city of Dalian. Base on morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests and molecular identification, the thermostable lactase-producing strain T242 was identified as Bacillus coagulans. Moreover, investigation revealed that lactase from Bacillus coagulans T242 is an intracellular lactase hydrolyzing lactose into glucose and galactose inside of the bacterial cell, and the optimum approach for releasing lactase was the treatment with lysozyme followed by high concentration of NaCl.

Abstract: A thermotolerant lactase-producing strain Bacillus coagulans T242 was obtained in our previous work, its media and culture conditions were investigated and optimized for enhanced production of lactase in the present work. Results showed medium containing 1.5% lactose, 1.0% peptone, 1.5% yeast extract, 0.7% MgSO4, and pH 8.0, was the optimum medium; And its optimum culture conditions were the age of bacterial culture 36 h, inoculation volume 2%, liquid medium volume loaded 30 mL/250 mL flask, 60 °C, 36 h. When cultured at the optimum condition Bacillus coagulans T242 yielded the maximum of 1.21U/mL lactase activity.

Abstract: Muscle fiber is the basic unit of muscle tissue, this paper summarized the types of muscle fiber of animals, the influence factors of muscle fiber type distribution and the muscle fiber type conversion in the process of growth constantly. Discuss the important effect of muscle fiber type on meat quality.

Abstract: Compared with β-lactoglobulin or WPI, the complex compositions for whey protein concentrate (WPC) impacted the nano-fibrils formation, the heat-induced conversion of WPC into fibrils needed alternative methods with lower pH and higher heating temperature. 3wt% WPC could form long semi-flexible fibrils with diameters from 24nm to 28nm by heating at 90°C, pH 1.8 for 10h. The major driving forces both fibrils (pH 1.8) and particulate aggregates (pH 6.5) from WPC were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), turbidity, surface hydrophobicity and free sulfydryl group (-SH). The results indicated that surface hydrophobicity interaction played a dominant role in the formation of fibrils aggregates, while the disulphide bonds after heating to form fibrils aggregates at the acidic pH 1.8 was weaker than that of formation particulate aggregates at pH 6.5.

Abstract: The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Alliums cepa L. var. agrogatum Don (ACAD). The results indicated that the highest extraction yield of flavonoids by ultrasonic-assisted extraction could obtain to be 3.36% using ethanol concentration of 70% (v/v) as solvent and liquid to solid ratio of 17:1 (mL/g) for 48 min at the temperature of 60 °C. The total flavonoids were purified by AB-8 resin column and polyamide resin column successively. In addition, the maximum absorption wavelength of ACAD flavonoids was determined by UV spectrophotometry, followed by their structural identified and analysis for flavonoids by infrared spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography. It could be concluded that the flavonoids of ACAD contains quercetin.

Abstract: Using ultrasonic assisted enzymatic, the flavonoids extracted from shepherd's purse. Through the single factor experiment, using the Box-Behnken central composite design, response surface test is designed to establish a mathematical model. By performing the verification experiment to give the optimum reaction conditions as following: extracting temperature 51°C, time 59min, Ultrasonic power 122WH, The flavonoid content reaches a maximum 1.1160%.