Advanced Materials Research Vol. 649

Abstract: The actual trend of civil engineering leads to quality improving of housing and to saving of all participated energies. Airtightness of buildings´ envelope constructions has an important job in the point of view of energy savings and energy economy. Undesirable air flow occurs through joints, cracks and leaks in building envelopes. It has a significant influence to final quality of an indoor environment and energy demands and needs of warmth for heating resulting from it. The paper presents results of chosen airtightness measurements made in family and apartment buildings in the Slovak Republic, the achieved level of airtightness by various construction systems and outer walls, as well as which impact for air changes has location and selection of materials used for airtightness layer in the construction of outer walls at pressure difference of 50 Pa (n₅₀).

Abstract: The paper is oriented on the design of energy concepts of zero energy buildings. In the first phase of concept is important the good architectural design in terms of energy. In the residential building for four flats I calculated the annual energy consumption by computer simulation in the current condition and in the proposed reconstruction. I demonstrate that the unbalanced architectural design of flats in a residential building causes also after reconstruction a significant difference in energy consumption. This means that when developing energy concept of zero energy building the first essential step is energy efficient architectural design, taking into an account the energy aspects. The next step is to the use of technological aspects: passive and active use of solar gains, effective ventilation systems with heat recovery and new generation of heat pumps. For the formation of zero energy buildings is essential application of described progressive trends in the development of energy concepts.

Abstract: In general, in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic the inner insulation of cladding structures is an unsuitable solution to reduce heat loss of building by means of heat transfer. This statement is valid both in terms of building thermal techniques and also in terms of statics. Research focused on the hygrothermal regime of external walls insulated on the inside is very extensive. On the other hand, the systematic attention is not yet paid to detailed analysis of the consequences of such solution on the static behavior of the cladding structures. The paper focuses on analysis and evaluation of stress increase in external walls and adjacent structures caused by non-forced effects of temperature changes in the environment after the application of internal insulation.

Abstract: The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive requires that all new buildings must be nearly zero energy buildings by 2020. A nearly zero energy building is a building that has a very high energy performance. The current absence of evaluating the nearly zero energy buildings encourages to set up simple and explicit methodology for evaluation nZEB in the Czech Republic. The evaluation of the nearly zero building is based on the annual balance of energy.

Abstract: Real estate appraisal based on market principles is the science that is directly linked to market economy and should adequately respond to current and the changing needs of both direct real estate market, as well as banking, construction and also legislation and state and local administration. One of the current market requirements is the issue of fair valuation of low- and passive energy buildings in conditions where the market for this type of property is just taking off. This paper describes the most important principles of energy-efficient buildings appraisal, evaluates the motivational incentives for the development of this segment of real estate market and predicts its future development potential.

Abstract: The glass fiber reinforced mineral matrix composite (GFRMMC) solutions allow designing modular structural elements made of prefabricated panels. Important research works on calcium sulphate in the beta anhydride III’ form, led in finding a mixture with increased workability capable to be cast on glass fiber reinforcement and obtaining composite elements. This paper presents the results of designing concept for a new structural system for building houses made of GFRMMC. Prototypes for elements and building system made after the design processes are summarized. Observations of structures regarding the structural behavior, thermal efficiency or indoor air quality are presented in the conclusions. The technology and the structural systems analyzed have many advantages to be considered as an alternative for traditionally building systems.

Abstract: Tall slab-shaped building of north-south orientation. Narrow-cavity double skin transparent façade. South (S) external wall with application of double-skin transparent façade. Aerodynamic regime of narrow-cavity double skin transparent façade in summer. The total aerodynamic resistance of natural physical cavity and its relationship to the convection air lift force. Air stagnation in the cavity as the physical defect of the double-skin façade. Aerodynamics of the double-skin transparent façade as a conditional factor of the thermal discomfort of indoor climate in the building.

Abstract: Most of air heating and ventilating systems for passive houses inlet air in floors. It is assumed that a natural motion of air is led upwards, and so the right stratification of temperature in the space is ensured. However, in the case of excellently insulated buildings it is possible to assume that an upper inlet of air is also able to ensure the required layering of temperature. Within the experiment an influence of upper and down air inlet for temperature stratification in the space was followed. Night sensors of indoor air temperature are placed for measurement purposes. Measurements are done in the long term. The results from measurements show that both, vertical and horizontal stratification of temperature in rooms of passive houses are equal regardless of the fact, which system of air inlet is used.

Abstract: Implementation of energy efficient buildings is one way to meet the requirements of the European Parliament, which has adopted the agreement 20/20/20. Given the low percentage of the amount of energy efficient buildings in the climatic conditions of the Slovak Republic is a little knowledge of their real operation. The paper describes the experimental measurement of the physical quantities in energy-efficient building is selected in the climatic conditions of the SR in the introduction of the contribution is a description of an experimental building, in which the measurement was done, the description and the deployment of measuring instruments. The conclusion of this paper is devoted to processing and statistical analysis of measured physical quantities. The analysis results show that the internal state of residential houses is largely influenced by home users.