Advanced Materials Research Vol. 649

Abstract: The study involves the risk factors analysis for indoor environment quality in education buildings with high occupancy, in terms of the occupants’ vulnerability, but also in terms of the effects of environmental factors on the constructive elements. Integrated risk assessment methodology for environment quality has to establish clear assessment methods, verification and validation of models, identifying factors that influence the environment quality and the possibility of improving their effects. This paper presents the application results of risk assessment methodology concerning the health and intellectual performance of occupants caused by indoor environmental quality for an education building. Are taken into account the results obtained from systematic measurements, over a specified period, of higrothermal parameters and of CO₂ content in atmosphere, in a classroom. The analysis conclusions allow some recommending solutions for the risk reduction through constructive measures and improvement of way it is used.

Abstract: The contribution is focused on the design, selection and implementation of methodologies for monitoring the heat-air-moisture performances at building envelope levels in the experimental chambers. The chambers are located in the outdoor environment - installed samples of building fabrics are exposed to dynamic boundary conditions. Indoors consists of a constantly maintained air temperature and relative humidity - a quasi-stationary state. The chosen methodology determines the purposes of data evaluation and it is a tool for controlling the scientific, theoretical and practical results and conclusions of measurements in real outdoor conditions. The results obtained at an early stage suggest differences of material properties at building envelope levels.

Abstract: The article is focused on prevention and remediation of the occurrence of microscopic filamentous fungi in buildings. The remediation of these fungi can be performed using classical methods (spray, paint, etc.) or use new methods - which include use of nanotechnology, e.g. nanofibers. The nanofibers have specific functional characteristics (e.g. large surface area, etc) according to their production and it can be used for remediation and prevention of occurrence of microscopic filamentous fungi. The effect of nanofibers can be increase by adding nanoparticles or another antimicrobial substance into electrospinning polymer. The article presents the first experimental results with the nanofibers, which could be applied on place with the occurrence of microscopic filamentous fungi, or on place where is expectation their occurrence in future.

Abstract: The main subjects of the thesis are new materials and assessment of ventilation efficiency floors. As we are working with old buildings most of all, in most cases waterproofing is not working and simply it is missing. The rising humidity can, without any problems, penetrate higher to the brickwork or flooring above. Therefore we need a suitable solution. Software CFD is capable of flow visualisation which is then used as the base for the ventilation efficiency assessment.

Abstract: Daylight is important for a human organism mainly in the physiological and psychological respect. These days, however, the economic aspect is also becoming a non-negligible parameter. Due to the lack of daylight eye strain occurs that may lead not only to eyesight damage, but also to various related health disorders studied by numerous experts. In places not directly neighbouring on the exterior environment a suitable means of lighting are daylight guidance systems which may transmit light over long distances. Their installation belongs to investments with high financial demands; therefore, adequate attention should be paid to the optimisation of their design with respect to the interior environment resulting in the maximum effectiveness of the designed installation even without any contact with the exterior environment. At the same time, a light guide should be designed to eliminate thermal bridges and thus undesirable manifestations of condensation on the inside surfaces of structures.

Abstract: When assessing the sound insulation quality of buildings constructions, policy makers and investors typically demand for single number ratings and sound insulation classes that allow for easy ranking of building products. Converting the full frequency content of a precisely measured or calculated structure into a single number, which takes into account all aspects of the insulation performance in a balanced way, is a challenging task. The recently proposed draft standard 717 proposes to take into account also frequencies below 100 Hz. This makes the single value rating even more complicated, since the transmission spectra R (dB) of walls can be qualitatively very different above and below 100 Hz, and even more, since, particularly at low frequencies, human hearing depends not only on frequency but also on the absolute sound level. This article presents a comparison between masonry and light-weight walls with different R value, in terms of the perception of loudness of typical living room, traffic noise and machinery noise transmitted through the walls. The effect of temporal and spectral features of the presented stimuli on loudness perception is analyzed.

Abstract: The paper is based on measured and approximated data of internal climate in Romanesque rotunda in Znojmo. It deals with degradation of indoor plaster with fresco decoration due to air humidity. The most probable conditions of internal climate are shown and evaluated in psychometrics chart. Therefore, it is possible to assume ways of plaster degradation from the obtained thermal-moisture conditions of the indoor climate.

Abstract: This paper presents simulation results of summer overheating of passive house in Dubňany - Czech Republic. The simulation was performed using the quasistationary method in the program SIMULACE and the dynamic method in the program BSim. Outputs from both programs are then compared. Since the simulation was performed on three structural variants, two timber houses and one brick house, the article also deals with different results from program BSim between these three structual systems.

Abstract: The regeneration of precast panel buildings is very often connected with a complete reconstruction of the existing external skin. This involves, in particular, the replacement of window openings, the installation of additional contact thermal insulation or modifications of projecting structures, including loggia glazing and, last but not least, changes in the colour shading of the surface façade layer. These interventions undoubtedly contribute to improved energy efficiency of the building, but secondary negative effects on the interior environment in terms of the daylight level must also be considered. As the aim is to modernise such buildings to reduce their energy, economic and ecological performance requirements, the maximum utilisation of daylight in the interior is one of non-negligible aspects.

Abstract: During the last decades, only a little attention has been given to the design and renovation of the entrances to residential buildings. Given underestimation of the problem in the design has resulted in a negative impact on both indoor building environment and aesthetics of the building. Recently, together with the renovation of external walls claddings (by application of additional thermal insulation and replacements of windows and doors) and upgrading and modernizing the installations services such as heating and plumbing systems, also the entrance construction components finds their place in the renovation process. This article analyses the problems connected with renovation of building entrances and summarizes information about the current efforts in engineering and architectural praxis.