Advanced Materials Research Vols. 726-731

Abstract: the study objects of this paper are fruit planting bases and the scattered farmers in Beijing. This text investigates, analyzes, and studies the type of pesticide in fruit planting, using time, frequency of administration, medicine and monitors pesticides quality. The result shows that, in fruit cultivation base, the LSSS, imidacloprid, Cypermethrin, carbendazim are highly used and famers spray pesticides using pressure spray gun pesticide .Frequency of low-toxic pesticide is not more than 4 times / year, and in different development stages of fruit trees pesticide types will be targeted selected, and the safety time of medicine control will be given at intervals of 15 days but ultimately we dont take pesticide residues as a basis for sale. The scattered farmers, except for spraying, also inject pesticide in fruit tree, they often select dichlorvos and Jinba mites because of the relatively low price and the famers will give 5 to 10 days of controlling drugs, but there is no pesticide residues detection to ensure the same period. In addition, recommendations are also put forward according to the different units of fruit quality inspection in this paper.

Abstract: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have many sources, and they have effects on ecology and human health, which has aroused extensive attentions of many researchers. The Chinese and other countries studies in VOCs in atmosphere focused on detecting concentrations and compositions, sources apportionment, secondary pollutants transformation, health effects and other aspects. In the present paper, VOCs level in atmosphere, distribution characteristics and sources apportionment of VOCs in atmosphere were reviewed, the current studies results of VOCs in atmosphere were summarized.

Abstract: We choose three plant esterase sources, through the measurement of enzyme activity , the plant esterase that sieved efficiently withdraws the raw material, and as to it's the crude extract of the esterase to suggest the reaction condition of the liquid to carry on the system excellent turn, such as pH, reaction time and dilution. So we can guarantee the enzyme inhibition represses the method in great quantities takes out to check the sample carries on the quickly thick of accurate degree, also soon measures the card for the fixed and organ phosphorus pesticide of thorough study to provide the reference.

Abstract: Healthy river ecosystem has been acknowledged as the object of river management, which is crucial for the sustainable development of cities. Simple and practical evaluation methods with great precision are necessary for the evaluation of river ecosystem health. Fuzzy system has been widely used in evaluation and decision making for its simple reasoning and the adoption of experts knowledge. However, much artificial intervention decreases the precision. Neural network has a strong ability of self-leaning while it is not good at expressing rule-based knowledge. The T-S fuzzy neural network model combines the advantages of fuzzy system and neural network. In this paper, the T-S fuzzy neural network model was used to establish a river ecosystem health evaluation model. Results show that the combination of T-S fuzzy model and neural network eliminates the influences of subjective factors and improve the final precisions efficiently.

Abstract: Adverse health effects of Fe and S in airborne particulate matter (PM) have been reported. However, little work has been done to characterize Fe and S in PM₁₀ from coal combustion. In this study, a sub-bituminous coal (coal A) and a bituminous coal (coal B) were subjected to combustion in a drop tube furnace under air-and oxy-firing conditions. Size distribution and elemental composition of PM₁₀ (PM with aerodynamic diameter 10 μm) were obtained by low pressure impactor and X-ray fluorescence techniques, respectively. The partitioning characteristics of Fe and S in PM₁₀ were investigated. Data shows that particles of ~0.1μm contains the highest concentration of Fe for both coals under different combustion conditions. The concentration of Fe in the ultrafine particle mode decreases when switching from air combustion to oxy-fuel combustion with 21% O₂. It increases when the oxygen concentration increases from 21% to 32% O₂ during oxy-fuel combustion. Changing combustion conditions has little effects on Fe partitioning in particles >0.3μm. The concentration of S in PM₁₀ increases with decreasing particle size, but changing combustion conditions have inconclusive influence. Fe and S are dominant elements in ultrafine particles, indicating a greater threat to human health.

Abstract: In order to solve the hypoxia problem of the people living in plateau, this article took plants oxygen generating to supply oxygen-enrich air for them based on the research of the main oxygen generator method, and designed plant oxygen generating system and the oxygen concentration detection system. Practice has proved that the plant oxygen generating system can provide the oxygen-enriched air and the oxygen concentration detecting system can get the real-time acquisition of oxygen concentration data quickly and high accuracy.

Abstract: Australia is considered as the most fire-prone country in the world. Spotting ignition by lofted firebrands is the main mechanism of fire spread. Many experimental studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of the firebrand attacks on structures and to identify possible solutions. The experimental facility consists of a firebrand generator coupled to a wind tunnel. The wind speed in the firebrand generator is relatively low, in order to assure a quality continuous flow of glowing firebrands. On the contrary, the wind speed in the wind tunnel is high to duplicate actual firebrand attacks. Previous works show a highly turbulent region above the entrance of firebrands to the wind tunnel which is formed because of the velocity difference and penetration of firebrand entrance hose into the wind tunnel. The penetration is required to provide a uniform firebrand distribution along the height of the test section. In this computational work, the influence of the height of the entrance hose, its orientation respect to the tunnel and the distance between the coupling port and the test section are analyzed. The optimized results are presented and discussed for a variety of wind speeds within the wind tunnel and the firebrand generator.

Abstract: In order to realize the sustainable development of resource-based cities, we must solve all kinds of contradictions and problems that resource-based cities encountered, and if we want to solve these problems, we must establish a series of bylaws and regulations.This paper talks resource-exhausted cities in the legislation from establishing resources orderly utilization system. We use the legislation to use orderly the resources of the resource-exhausted cities from the four aspects which is survey, mining, processing and save.

Abstract: China has mainly power generation capacity of coal-fired power plants. Coal-fired power plants account for about 80% of total power generation capacity in total annually. It will inevitably lead to a large amount of pollutant emissions, therefore, IGCC technology is particularly important to promote. This paper intends to analysize the environmental benefit and economic benefit of the IGCC technology used in the power plant based on the developed methodology. The purpose is to understand the advantages of IGCC technology for energy conservation and emissions reduction in the electric power industry to provide better technical references.

Abstract: Ecological compensation is an essential tool for internalizing environmental costs, rationalizing natural resource utilization, alleviating the conflicts between stakeholders, and providing capital for ecological restoration and environmental remediation. Due to irrational allocation and unequal distribution of environmental and economic benefits between stakeholders, there are urgent needs to establish a sound and effective ecological compensation mechanism. In China, ecological compensation was initiated in the 1990s solely to address compensation for forest ecological benefits. Without corresponding laws, regulations, policies, and market mechanism, there are many problems and obstacles to be overcome. In this study, researches on the progress, problems, and prospects of ecological compensation in China were conducted based on theoretical foundations, legal basis, experience acquired, market demands, and Chinese situations. Then, some suggestions were provided to enhance the sustainability of ecological compensation in China.