Advanced Materials Research Vols. 807-809

Abstract: A rapid development of intensive livestock and poultry, results in a large number of Aquaculture wastes, it is increasing important that timely consumptive farming wastes, and reduces environmental pollution on protection ecological environment and improving recycling agriculture. In this study, cattle, pigs, sheep, chickens and ducks five categories manure were as material, and it carried out that microbial agents used in compost, equipment, process and control software, and especially passivation of heavy metal residues in manure, degradation technology of estrogen and antibiotics of pollutants. As final, two kind products such as a high—quality organic fertilizer and gardening products, were produced with a better benefits on economic, ecological and social.

Abstract: A batch test was carried out to investigate the effect of acid-producing fermentative characteristic of a new complex strains LZF-12 with high lignocellulose-degradation ability, which straw was the only carbon source in acidogenic phase. Simultaneity, the biogas-producing performance was also researched by shifting the liquid end products from acidongenic phase to methane phase, which fermentative substrate was the mixture of cow dung and kitchen waste. The results indicated that major fermentation products of acidogenic phase was acetic acid accounted for 70% of total volatile acid, which would be in favor of microorganisms growth of methanogenic phase. In two-phase anaerobic fermentation system, the straw degradation rate of composite strains LZF-12 reached the maximum at 72 hour, among which the degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin reached 55%, 67% and 13% respectively. The methane percentage of biogas-producing phase was more than 50% and 134.7mL/g VS of methane production rate was obtained.

Abstract: The feasibility of foam separation as a technique was assessed for the recovery of potato protein from the simulated potato processing waste effluent (SPWE). The effects of initial protein concentration, pH, air flow rate ,liquid loading volume on separation performance were examined by using a foam fractionation column with partial horizontally flowing foam phase. Based on the comprehensive consideration of effect on the enrichment ratio and the recovery percentage, the optimal conditions were initial protein concentration 0.5 g/L, initial pH 4.0, air flow rate 62.5 L/h ,liquid loading volume 200mL, Under the conditions, a greater enrichment ratio of the protein of 9.1 was obtained with a recovery percentage of the protein of 84.3%.The research are aimed at laying a foundation for the industrialization of recovering potato protein from the wastewater by foam separation.

Abstract: Refractory organic pollutants are wastewaters main pollutants in Tianjin TEDA modern industrial park. For clearing up refractory organic pollutants, we must improve the biological process of the sewage treatment plant. This paper focuses on how to use bioaugmentation technology to process the refractory organic pollutants which comes from wastewater of the district. The paper will record data and complete analysis of treatment effect for improving the biological process of sewage treatment plant and make advices.

Abstract: A process of CAST, designing parameters and characteristics in the water treatment technology was introduced in this paper. The CAST was adopted to treat a scale of 3300m³/d of municipal wastewater and industrial effluent coming from a small town of Huojia county in Henan province. It is an innovative attempt to applied the CAST to a rural sewage treatment in the traditional water treatment field. What is more , after the chemical phosphorus removal and a sufficient reaction in the CAST tank, the effluent quality would ultimately meet level A while others could only meet level B in the state standard discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant (GB 18919-2002).

Abstract: This study prepares the in situ formed iron hydroxide (In situ FeO_xH_y) by the interactions between Fe³⁺ and OH^- at different molar ratios of 1:0,1:1,1:2,and 1:3, and investigates the performance and mechanism involved in the removal of phosphate. The removal efficiency increases with elevated doses of FeO_xH_y and the maximum removal is observed to be in neutral pH ranges. The elevated ratios of OH^- to Fe³⁺ inhibit the removal of phosphate whereas at low alkalinity,the introduction of OH^- shows beneficial effects. The abovementioned four kinds of FeO_xH_y can rapidly adsorb most phosphate within 15 s, and the adsorption process can be well described by the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Freundlich model can well describe the adsorption of phosphorus onto these four FeO_xH_y. The adsorption of phosphate significantly decreases the zeta potential of these in situ FeO_xH_y. The MINITEQ software can indicate the species distribution of phosphate and iron salts, and the theoretical calculation indicates that the introduced OH^- can promote the hydrolysis of Fe³⁺ especially in low alkalinity system,which can easily adsorb H₂PO₄^- and HPO₄^2- and form the multinuclear hydroxy iron phosphate complexes thereafter.

Abstract: Nanohydroxyapatite (HA) with rod-like shape was synthesized by a cationic surfactant-templated method. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate its copper adsorption property from aqueous solution. The effect of initial copper ion concentration and contact time were studied. Results showed that HA adsorption capacity increased from 25.6 mg/g to 81.4 mg/g with the increase of initial copper ion concentration from 20 mg/L to 200 mg/L. Meanwhile, the removal efficiency decreased from 64.1% to 20.3%. Moreover, it also revealed that the removal efficiency of Cu²⁺ increased with the increasing contact time and the initial adsorption process is rapidly increased within 15 min and the equilibrium was attained after 15 min.

Abstract: In recent years, utilization of fly ash has gained much attention in public and industry, which will help reduce the environmental burden and enhance economic benefit. In the utilizations of fly ash, the most high value-added applications is extraction of metal elements from fly ash. In this paper, the aluminum and iron extraction was investigated by orthogonal experiments. The results show that the optimum extraction condition was reaction temperature 800 °C, reaction time 3 h, the mass ratio of fly ash to Na₂CO₃ was 1:1.5.

Abstract: The comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties between the autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) and the autoclaved aerated concrete consist of sugar sediment (AAC-SS) was investigated in this work. The microstructure of AAC and AAC-SS was analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of AAC and AAC-SS were focused on the compressive strength, the density, the water absorption and the flexural strength. To comfirm the tobermorite phase, the phase formation of the samples was tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the microstructure of AAC and AAC-SS surface was the finer needle-like crystalline morphology. The compressive strength (5.9 N/mm²) and flexural strength (1.82 N/mm²) of AAC-SS were higher than that of the AAC (5.0 N/mm² and 1.64 N/mm²). While, the value of density (0.60 g/cm³) and humidity (23.59%) of AAC-SS had little less than that of the AAC (0.61 g/cm³ and 24.11%). The increasing of the tobermorite phase, which was added by the sugar sediment, had affected to the improvement of the mechanical properties. The specimens of both AAC and AAC-SS were claimed in quality class of 4, which based on the Thai Industrial Standard 1505-1998.

Abstract: With the rapid expansion of industry, urbanization and increasing population in Thailand, many cities face the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal. The great majority of a plant for MSW, which are in operation around the world, are based on mass burn incineration systems. There are, however, a number of novel, thermal processing technologies for MSW, based on pyrolysis and/or gasification of the waste, which may provide significant technical and environmental advantages over conventional incineration. The objective of this article is to investigate the effect of operational parameters to electricity produced efficiency. The processes consist of drying unit, thermal waste treatment unit which is comprised of pyrolysis, gasification and combustion units, heat recovery steam generation unit, power generation unit and gas cleaning unit. The article are applied to the performance analysis of a MSW power plant in case of after passing through drying unit pyrolysis unit was operated at constant MSW feed rate of 28 tonnes/hr with varied moisture content. At lower moisture content which led higher energy content and more excess air required, the efficiencies of system were increased.