Advanced Materials Research Vols. 962-965

Abstract: Clean energy technologies introduction has been one of the most important ways to promote clean energy technologies in China. High and new technology export controls, high cost of introducing and inadequate follow-up research have hindered technology import. China should improve the level of clean energy technology import by strengthening international technical exchanges and cooperation, establishing green patent compulsory licensing system, perfecting patent system and increasing the intensity of the follow-up research.

Abstract: Natural gas as a main clean energy has received national attention,especially under the influence of "shale gas revolution" in the U.S. China has a large shale gas reserves,so Chinese shale gas development has also been widespread concerned.This paper uses GM(1,1) to predict Chinese natural gas consumption in the next few years.The results show that natural gas consumption will continue to rise,and increase rapidly.Under the influence of the current international Low-carbon energy transformation,this paper based on the consumption forecast,and combined with the development of shale gas in current China and the experience of shale gas development in the United States.Put forward some suggestions on such as shale gas exploration, the core technology, infrastructure, laws,regulations and policies,to improve the ratio of natural gas in primary energy consumption structure.

Abstract: Germany’s strategic choice of Energiewende is closely related to its specific political, historical, economic and energy resource backgrounds. Renewable Energy has long been the core element of German Energiewende. Boosted by favorable incentive policies, renewable energies such as wind power and PV installations has experienced a rapid growth in the last decades. But the rapid expansion of renewable energies also leads to skyrocketing cost for electricity consumers, grid incapability of integrating large scale distributed generators and insufficiency of generating capacity. To cope with these problems, the federal government is considering a thorough revision of its policy framework for renewable energies. The key idea is that, the development goal should be set more rationally, more attention should be attached to economic affordability, and capacity market should be considered in the medium term to ensure reliable operation of power system.

Abstract: The coal production capacity is determined by many factors, such as geological conditions, production conditions, transportation conditions, environmental factors, coal reserves and so on. The coal reserves play a fundamental role in these factors. Therefore, this paper analyzes whether existing reserves in Shanxi Province could support coal production target which is made by government of Shanxi Province after the integration of coal resources from the perspective of coal reserves. The purpose of this paper is to achieve better sustainable development of coal resources in Shanxi Province.

Abstract: The study of forecasting of energy in Brazil is important for future planning, as the country has experienced crises of energy supply. And a model developed in java is an affordable and efficient tool to be used both in Brazil and in other countries. Time series analysis is highly important in many different application areas, for it allows description and modeling of a variable of interest’s behavior, thus enabling the forecasting of its future values, which serves as support for decision making. When the data used in regression analysis comprises time series, the dependency between the observations grants a dynamic quality to the regression model. In this situation, it is common to come across a problem known as residual autocorrelation, which invalidates the assumptions made about the term of error in the classical linear regression models. This paper presents a program created in Java by implementing the method of Cochrane-Orcutt for the correction of residual autocorrelation. And the application is made in the Brazilian energy final consumption forecasting.

Abstract: Ultra-high voltage (UHV) inter-regional power transmissions not only can upgrade the optimal allocation ability of electricity energy in a wider range, but also can link the renewable energy power plant center and electricity load center. We use a bottom-up optimization model based on six regional power grids to simulate the impact of inter-regional transmission on energy structure in china’s power sector. The result shows that it maybe not has the positive effect as we had expected, the main consequence of the inter-regional power transmission is the thermal power generation migration among different regions, which has no significant effect on promoting renewable energy in the absence of other incentive policies. As a new form of inter-regional energy deployment, UHV inter-regional power transmission will change our future regional energy use, as well as air emissions, greenhouse gas emissions and other development path, so we also put SO2, NOx and CO2 emission control into consideration.

Abstract: As the U.S shale gas revolution evolved, there was a growing expectation that this can be replicated in China. Power sector, as the biggest contributor to China’s primary energy consumption and CO₂ emission, is faced with tremendous pressure and challenge. Shale gas resource will be a big opportunity for power sector to alleviate energy shortage and emission problem. This study is trying to figure out to what extent will future large gas supplies improve China’s energy structure and under which policy will the change be more efficient and cost-effective. Regarding the task, two scenarios are set up here: Base Case, Coal price rising and carbon emission control scenario. Based on the comparison of these scenarios, detailed conclusions for policy decision are drawn up.

Abstract: The paper utilized the co-integration test, error correction model and Granger causality test, and other methods to verify the influence of the coal, oil and electricity prices, industrial and energy consumption structures on China's energy efficiency based on time-series data from 1979 to 2010. Test results show that: there is long-term equilibrium relationship of the energy prices, industrial structure, energy consumption structure and energy efficiency; coal prices, industrial structure and energy consumption structure are the Granger reasons of energy efficiency both in the short and long run; while the oil and electricity prices only constitute the long-term Granger reasons of energy efficiency. Finally, it analyzed the implications of policies of the empirical results and provided some constructive suggestions.

Abstract: The techniques of using universal gravitation to generate electricity have been found and the related US patent has been approved. This new technology is beyond mainstream scientists expectations. The consequence of this new technology is significant. It will affect the ways of thinking when dealing with the energy related problem. In this paper, we will discuss the fourteen grand challenges of engineering unveiled by National Academy of Engineering from a new aspect. We will also discuss the wrong theory and misconceptions that have been existed in energy science.

Abstract: Rapid economic growth in China induces higher energy consumption. This article establishes a primary energy consumption model. Finally, this article puts forward energy policies for ensuring economic growth and simultaneously achieving emission reduction and energy conversation.