Advanced Materials Research Vols. 962-965

Abstract: In this paper the author analysis the statistics data and expound the status of the dual economy of China based on comparing the comparative labor productivity, dual comparative index and dual contrast index. The conclusion is that Chinese economy is the dual economy and has the characteristic of region dual structure and rural and urban dual structure. The author suggests that we should develop financial service to deal with the agriculture and rural reform.

Abstract: China is meeting many environmental challenges that threaten food safety and security but there are actions China may implement to improve this situation. Current impediments include continued population increase, rapid urbanization, and decrease in arable lands, water pollution and climate change. China should control the population, improve irrigation techniques, fight against water pollution and invest on education to facilitate a major transition in the development mode and strive for more sustainable consumption of natural resources. These actions will ensure China’s self-sufficiency and prosperity.

Abstract: Accompanied by the establishment of environmental impact assessment law and the development and improvement of construction industry information in nearly a decade, network Forum has become an important information resource platform and information exchange manner for EIA workers. The China Environmental Impact Assessment Forum, which is hosted by the Appraisal Center for Environmental and Engineering of Ministry of Environmental Protection, is a professional forum focused on environmental impact assessment. It has more than 17,000 professional members in China, and has become one of the most influential EIA professional forums. In addition to the general technical forum features, the China EIA Forum also has its own characteristics in its content and form. This paper will discuss the content setting, technical characteristics and information resources utilization of the EIA Forum, combine with the role of the EIA Forum in construction and development of the EIA industry information. Then, we propose the future development orientation of the EIA Forum, and the major development tasks and work contents.

Abstract: Cooling effects of green areas are an effective way to mitigate the urban higher temperature caused by urban heat islands. The cooling extent goes beyond a green area’s boundary and extends into its surrounding area. However, measurement of the exact cooling extent and mechanism of such effects had remained unclear. Using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images of Beijing, we have determined the lower temperature of green cooled areas by land surface temperature, identified green areas’ cooling extents, and evaluated the relation of cooling extents to green areas’ features. Results show that the total size of extended cooled areas is larger than that of total green areas, and the cooling extents and magnitudes are statistically related to the biomass, size and shape of green areas. This study has demonstrated the calculation of cooling extents, and provided an approach to the assessment of cooling effects.

Abstract: Miyun reservoir, the most important water conservation in Beijing, is of great importance to ecological conservation area. However,the current Eco-compensation mechanism is not perfect and economy of the reservoir area is still not well resolved.In order to achieve the coordination of ecological protection and economic development, first we need to perfect the ecological compensation mechanism, establish reasonable compensation standards and promote diversification of compensation method. Also we need to reposition the area function, optimize the industrial structure of the district, speeding up the integration of urban and rural construction in Beijing.

Abstract: China has carried out its reform since 1978. With economic booming, reform in political system followed behind so that three dignitary interests groups have formed: monopolistic entrepreneurs of state-owned companies, bigwig capitalists and bureaucratic corrupters. They are the biggest beneficiary under such a political system and they are also the original cause of social injustice and conflicts. In order to preserve their existing right, they spare no efforts to support current privileged system. They are opposed to the political reform by disturb legislation system and law enforcement. How to break the obstacles from dignitary group and achieve the goal of political reform is one of the most difficult challenges in China.

Abstract: The paper is devoted to investigate the comprehensive impacts of the economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the environmental pollution in China from 2007 to 2010. Based on the spatial correlation of environmental pollution, a new spatial lag single-index model is constructed, and the profile likelihood estimation method and a comprehensive environmental pollution indicator are used in empirical analysis. The results indicate that the comprehensive impact on the environmental pollution support "U" shaped relationship, and tend to have a negative impact.

Abstract: In this paper, according to 1990-2011 Shanghai water pollution data, using co-integration test, error correction model, Granger causality test, impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis, from the perspective of temporal dimension, we explore the long-term equilibrium and dynamic mechanism between water pollution and economic growth in Shanghai. We have found that: the index of water pollution in Shanghai grow fast in particular wastewater emissions, economic growth depends on water environment pollution, and economic growth bring enlarging water environment pressure at the same time.

Abstract: In our modern society, environmental pollution triggered by economic development has been increasingly brought to the forefront, and remedies for environmental torts have been more and more diversified with each passing day. Being called as a “green insurance”, the environmental pollution liability insurance is an important means of identifying the responsibility of compensation for environmental damage through a socialized way. With its unique advantages in preventing environmental pollution and timely compensation compared with other solutions, environmental pollution liability insurance has been widely adopted in western developed countries. As newborn in China, it is now pilot projects in several provinces. Featured with commercial and policy-based insurances, environmental pollution liability insurance has provided governments a powerful tool to manage social risks by the market mechanism. However, its distinctiveness asks the government to define the responsibilities of the insurance, thus its smooth development and due role can be ensured.

Abstract: As the global water resource is becoming more and more serious,a new way of solving the water resources problems with the idea of virtual water trade gains attention gradually.Using the prisoner’s dilemma in game theory model,analyzes the water resource game and international trade respectively.Combines the water resource and its security with the international trade,then build the game model of virtual water trade.Through analysis of these three games,find the water resources and the international trade game have equilibrium differences and complementarities returns,the implementation of virtual water trade will make both parties achieve even greater gains in terms of cooperation, increasing the possibility of breaking the prisoner's dilemma. Therefore,combine the water resources with the international trade will ensure a country’s water security in a larger extent and avoid producing high transfer cost and ecological destruction.