Behavior of Ice under Impact and Explosion Load

Abstract:

The article summarizes the results of comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies of ice fracture under shock and explosive loads. Artificial ice and freshwater river ice were considered as objects of research. The results of full-scale underwater explosive tests are presented. Post-explosion analysis of the crushing of a 130-day ice sheet, including the morphology of destruction and diameter and state of the ice edge were obtained. The results of a five-layer ice target impacted by a low-velocity striker showed that a brittle fracture mechanism was dominant. A phenomenological model of ice destruction is briefly described. The model was a complex one of continuum mechanics and was based on fundamental conservation laws. The ice failure concept was based on a deterministic approach and the combined use of several failure criteria. The finite-element Lagrangian method contained a new method for isolating the discontinuity surfaces of materials. The calculations were carried out using the noncommercial software package Udar.Os.1. The impact of an ice cylinder on a rigid wall (aluminum plate) was simulated. Good agreement was obtained in terms of the morphology of the fracture and the velocity of the fracture wave. The contact surface algorithm was illustrated, which helped save computational time when modeling some problems of perforation and penetration, including the detonation process. In the numerical experiment, ice without phase transitions with averaged mechanical properties was considered. The impact response of the ice blocks to the shock and explosive load was simulated. The perforation of structures consisting of ice cubes and thin steel plates above and on them is simulated. Deep penetration of the steel sphere into an ice block and an ice block protected by a metal plate was simulated. Using numerical modeling, the location of explosive substances for the most effective fracture of thick ice was determined.

• Periodical: Advances in Science and Technology (Volume 171)
• Pages: 77-85
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-pUv02j
• Online since: December 2025
• Authors: Maxim Yu. Orlov*, Viktor P. Glazyrin, Talgat V. Fazylov
• Keywords: Blast, Failure, Finite-Elements Modelling, Ice, Impact, Model, Perforation and Penetration Problems, UNDEX

References

[1] Ying Wang, Yezhi Qin, Xiongliang Yao, A combined experimental and numerical investigation on damage characteristics of ice sheet subjected to underwater explosion load. Applied Ocean Research 103 (2020) 102347.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2020.102347

[2] Hao Jiang, Hao Wang, Valerie Scott, Bo Li, Numerical analysis of oblique hypervelocity impact damage to space structural materials by ice particles in cryogenic environment. Acta Astronautica. 195 (2020) 392–404.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.02.029

[3] A. Combescure, Y. Cyuzel-Marmot, J. Fabie, Experimental study of high-velocity impact and fracture of ice. Int. J. of Solids and Structures. 48 (2011) 2779–2790.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.05.028

[4] E.I. Kraus, A. Yu. Melnikov, V.M. Fomin, I.I. Shabalin, Penetration of steel projectiles through finite thickness ice targets. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, (60)3 (2019) 146-153.

DOI: 10.1134/s0021894419030155

[5] E. Schulson and P. Duval, Creep and Fracture of Ice, Cambridge University Press, 2009.

[6] Physics and mechanics of ice, Symposium of Copenhagen, 1983 Editor P. Tryde, Technical University of Denmark.

[7] V. Bogorodsky and V. Gavrilo, Led. Fizicheskaya Svoystva Sovremennyye Metody glyatsiologii Gidrometeoizdat Press, Leningrad: 1980.

[8] E. Klaseboer, K.C. Hung, C. Wang, et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of an underwater explosion bubble near a resilient/rigid structure J. Fluid Mech, 537 (2005) 387–413.

DOI: 10.1017/s0022112005005306

[9] M. Orlov, Investigation of the process of explosive loading of freshwater ice, Thermal Science. 23(2) (2009) 561-567.

DOI: 10.2298/tsci19s2561o

[10] K.S. Carney et al. A phenomenological high strain rate model with failure for ice, Int. J. of Solids and Structures. 43 (2006) 7820–7839

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.04.005

[11] Yiqiang Han, Jared Soltis, Jose Palacios, Engine inlet guide vane ice impact fragmentation, AIAA Journal 56(9) (2020) 3680-3690.

DOI: 10.2514/1.j056648

[12] Laurence A. Coles, Anish Roy, Vadim V. Silberschmidt, Ice vs. steel: Ballistic impact of woven carbon/epoxy composites. Part II – Numerical modelling. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.12.030 902019

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.12.030

[13] Pernas-Sanchez J, Pedroche D, Varas D, Lopez-Puente J and Zaera R (2012) Numerical modeling of ice behavior under high velocity impacts. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 49(14): (2019) 1919–1927.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.03.038

[14] Yu. N. Orlova "Kompleksnoye teoreticheskoye i eksperimental'noye issledovaniye povedeniya l'da pri udarnykh i vzryvnykh nagruzkakh", Ph.D. thesis, 2014, Tomsk State University, (in Russ.)

[15] M. Yu. Orlov and Yu. N. Orlova, Combined theoretical and experimental study of ice behavior under shock and explosive Loads. SpringerBriefs in Continuum Mechanics, 2022.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97634-7

[16] Explosion Physics, 3rd ed, edited by L. Orlenko Moscow. FizMatLit, (2004)

[17] D.B. Larson D B, Shock wave studies of ice under uniaxial strain conditions, Int. J. of Glaciology 30(105) (1984) 235-240.

DOI: 10.3189/s0022143000005992

[18] V. Tolkachev and Trushkov V [Matematicheskoye modelirovaniye sdvigovykh i otkol'nykh razrusheniy pri udarnom vzaimodeystvii uprugoplasticheskikh tel] Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B: Focus on Physics. 12 (1993) 170-175. (in Russ.)

[19] G Johnson, T Holmquist, C Gerlach Strain-rate effects associated with the HJC concrete model // EPJ Web of Conference, 183, (2018) 01008

DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201818301008

[20] Teoreticheskiye i eksperimental'nyye issledovaniya vysokoskorostnogo vzaimodeystviya tel, edited by A. Gerasimov Tomsk, Tomsk State University Press, 2007 (in Russ.)

[21] M. Orlov, V. Glazyrin and Yu. N. Orlov, Ice fracture at shock and impact loading. Numerical modelling and experiment, Works of Tomsk State University. Physics and Mathematical Series. 303: (2019) 0329 -334 (in Russ.)

[22] Jesse A. Sherburn, Mark F. Horstemeyer, Hydrodynamic modeling of impact craters in ice. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37 (2010) 27–36.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.07.001