Construction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 24

Abstract: This study analyzes the seismic vulnerability of the Al-Wildan International Islamic School dormitory building in Sekarbela District, Mataram City, which is situated in a soft-soil zone with high seismic amplification potential. The methodology combines microtremor data analysis (HVSR) and structural modeling using ETABS software. HVSR results indicate a dominant ground frequency of 0.75 Hz, which is close to the structure’s natural period (0.637 seconds in the X-direction), suggesting the potential for partial resonance. The seismic amplification factor reaches 6.22, significantly increasing the building's dynamic response. Structural analysis shows that most primary columns meet the axial and shear strength criteria; however, two columns (Column 6 and Column 7) fail to satisfy flexural capacity requirements, with Column 7 exhibiting the highest lateral displacement at 0.0416 m. Meanwhile, beam elements remain structurally safe under flexural and shear demands but exhibit increased deformation due to local soil effects. These findings emphasize the importance of incorporating site-specific soil characteristics in structural design, especially in earthquake-prone areas. This study recommends adopting microzonation-based seismic design and implementing enhanced energy dissipation systems to improve structural resilience during seismic events.

Abstract: In the context of climate change adaptation, infrastructure resilience against extreme hydrological conditions is critical to ensure dam safety. This study investigates uplift pressures and their implications on floor slab thickness in the spillway structure of the Cijurey Dam, located in West Java, Indonesia. Using a two-dimensional numerical seepage analysis based on the finite element method (FEM), a steady-state seepage analysis was conducted for two operational scenarios: water level at the crest +286 meters above sea level and 1000-year return period peak flood discharge Q1000th. The analysis identifies uplift pressure distribution along the spillway chute, stepped chute, and stilling basin, with critical values ranging from 1.75 kN/m² to 129.83 kN/m². These findings directly inform the slab thickness requirements for each segment to ensure structural safety and serviceability. By correlating uplift forces with slab thickness design, this paper provides an essential technical reference for spillway design under increasing climate-driven flood risks.

Abstract: Reinforced concrete remains vulnerable to cracking under service loads, which threatens structural integrity and serviceability. Improving the flexural strength and crack resistance of reinforced concrete in an environmentally sustainable manner has become a critical concern in modern construction. Despite being a primary construction material, reinforced concrete remains susceptible to cracking, which can significantly compromise structural integrity. This study aims to evaluate the enhancement of flexural performance and crack control mechanisms in reinforced concrete beams through the incorporation of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and 1% steel fiber by concrete weight. Two beam variations were tested: one without fibers and one with steel fiber, both designed with a water-cement ratio of 0,4. Flexural tests were conducted up to the yielding condition to assess load capacity, deflection, flexural stress, and crack patterns. The results showed that the beam with steel fiber exhibited a 24% higher maximum load capacity and a 17% greater deflection at yield compared to the beam without fiber. The flexural stress increased from 10,69 N/mm² to 13,31 N/mm². The load deflection curve indicated a more stable deformation response and improved load resistance up to the yield point. Moreover, the addition of steel fiber delayed crack propagation and enhanced resistance against crack development. Overall, the incorporation of steel fiber proved effective in improving strength and crack resistance in the flexural elements of reinforced concrete. These findings support the development of sustainable structural concrete for future applications.

Abstract: Previous research on beam and column connections made of laminated bamboo using UNP profiles bracket produced results that were less robust and less rigid. This research was conducted, in which the shape of the coupling steel was altered from a UNP profile to a steel box without a front side. Accordingly, this study aims to ascertain the mechanical performance in the connection of hollow section laminated bamboo beams and columns using glue-in-rod connections anchored by steel boxes. The research employed finite element analysis with the aid of ANSYS software. The results suggest that the moment-rotation relationship curve did not exhibit a peak due to the steel material definition using a bi-linier curve, resulting in the strength value being taken at the yield point across the threaded rod cross-section. The results demonstrate that the strength of the connection is directly proportional to the diameter and number of threaded rods used in conjunction with the steel coupling box. The highest yield strength value, 12.178kNm, was observed in specimen B10-6. In test specimens, B6-4, B8-4, B10-4, and B6-6, the predominant failure mode was a break in the threaded rod. In contrast, test specimens B8-6 and B10-6 exhibited a serviceability failure.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

Abstract: The previous research on beam and column connections made of laminated bamboo with steel brackets has been tested under static loads. Furthermore, these connections need to be studied for their performance in terms of energy dissipation. The test specimens will be subjected to two-way lateral (cyclic) loading treatment. The testing and analysis standards used include ASTM E2126-11, AISC 360-16, Eurocode 1993-1-8, and Eurocode 1998-1. The results showed that the configuration of the number of thread rods used and the size of the thread rod cross-sectional area affected the moment values achieved. In addition, the trends formed in the curves show that the first loading cycle has a greater bending moment capacity than the second loading cycle. The results show that loading history, bracket usage, configuration, and thread rod cross-sectional area affect the dissipation energy values; the highest dissipation energy value is 527.89kJ for 10.6 configuration specimen and the smallest dissipation energy value is 159.80 kJ for 6.4 configuration specimen. Additional results show that test specimens with six thread rod configurations are classified as medium energy dissipation class (DCM), and test specimens with four thread rod configurations are classified as low energy dissipation class (DCL). Test specimens with configurations 6.4, 8.4, 8.6, 10.4, and 10.6 showed service failure.

Abstract: The connection between a circular hollow section (CHS) column and its baseplate plays a critical role in transferring loads from the superstructure to the foundation. However, this type of connection is often prone to stress concentration due to geometric incompatibilities between the circular column and the flat baseplate. To address this issue, stiffeners are commonly introduced to redistribute stresses and enhance the overall connection performance. Despite their widespread application, the effect of stiffener geometry on the protection of the main structural element, namely the column, has not been comprehensively studied. This study employs finite element analysis (FEA) to evaluate three stiffener configurations with F1 (triangular), F2 (rectangular), and F3 (chamfered) inn CHS-to-baseplate connections. The models were subjected to combined axial, shear, and bending loads, and the stress responses were examined in the column, baseplate, and stiffeners. The results indicate that F1 produced the lowest stress in the column (82.0 MPa), demonstrating superior efficiency in redistributing forces to other connection components. In contrast, F2 and F3 exhibited higher column stresses (123.1 MPa and 130.2 MPa, respectively), suggesting a higher risk of localized yielding. The baseplate stresses across all configurations were relatively similar (134–138 MPa), while the stiffeners showed varied levels of engagement depending on their geometry. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of stiffener design in safeguarding the column as the main structural member. The triangular stiffener (F1) proved to be the most effective in reducing stress concentration on the column, thereby enhancing the reliability and safety of CHS column-to-baseplate connections. Recommendations for future work include experimental validation, consideration of cyclic or seismic loading, and parametric optimization of stiffener geometry.

Abstract: Hospitals, as commercial buildings within the healthcare sector, tend to have high energy consumption, especially in cooling loads. This study evaluates the existing façade design by creating alternative façade configurations to decrease cooling energy use in the Emergency Department of RSUD Ar Rozy Kota Probolinggo. The research aims to analyze the impact of façade elements, including the Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), the Annual Average Shading Factor (AASF) from added sun shading (overhangs or fins), and the U-value of curtain wall glass materials, on cooling energy efficiency. The method involves energy simulation using EDGE Buildings software, followed by multiple linear regression analysis to assess the influence of each façade element. Results indicate that the combination of these three elements significantly contributes to cooling energy savings, with an average reduction of 41.54% across all design alternatives and a coefficient of determination reaching 97%.

Abstract: The development of road infrastructure projects in coastal areas often faces challenges in energy supply, especially due to limited electricity networks and extreme geographical conditions. This study aims to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of implementing a small-scale wind turbine system as a renewable energy solution in the TRSS Lot 3 project. The study was conducted through wind potential analysis, generating system design, energy requirement and cost estimation, and environmental and operational risk assessment. The results show that with an average wind speed of 1.90–2.10 m/s, the wind turbine system is able to meet the project's electricity needs sustainably. The implementation of this system resulted in cost savings of up to 47.7% compared to conventional electricity networks, and contributed to reducing carbon emissions. The innovation of this study is lies in the modular and portable design, enabling post-project reuse for subsequent construction sites or as a standalone electrification solution for remote areas. This feature reinforces long-term sustainability aspects and positions small-scale wind turbines as a viable energy alternative to support resilent infrastructure in remote areas.

Abstract: Road embankments built along narrow riverbanks often face stability challenges where conventional sloped designs are not feasible. This study compares the performance of bamboo pile layers and sheet pile systems as slope reinforcement solutions for a 4-m-high embankment on sandy silt soil. Finite element analysis was conducted using PLAXIS 2D to evaluate the factor of safety (FOS) and lateral displacement for each system. The unreinforced slope yielded a FOS of 0.397, indicating instability. Bamboo pile reinforcement improved the FOS to 0.449 with a lateral displacement of 0.8 m, while the sheet pile achieved a FOS of 1.643 and displacement of 0.17 m. These results demonstrate that although sheet piles meet the engineering stability threshold (FOS ≥ 1.5), bamboo layers offer a sustainable and low-cost alternative that requires further structural optimization. The novelty of this research lies in the application of layered bamboo pile reinforcement for spatially constrained sites, providing insights into locally sourced reinforcement strategies under limited land conditions.