Water Quality as an Indicator of Environmental Sanitation in Densely Populated and Less Densely Populated Areas in Sukun District, Malang City

Jenvia Rista Pratiwi; Samuel Halomoan Tambunan; Mohammad Palwa Priya Rajendra; Rhenata Chriskeowny Telaumbanua

doi:10.4028/p-ZVYRb6

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HomeConstruction Technologies and ArchitectureConstruction Technologies and Architecture Vol. 24Water Quality as an Indicator of Environmental...

Water Quality as an Indicator of Environmental Sanitation in Densely Populated and Less Densely Populated Areas in Sukun District, Malang City

Abstract:

Environmental sanitation is a key determinant of public health. Poor water quality often indicates inadequate sanitation conditions, thereby increasing the risk of waterborne and environmentally influenced diseases. In Indonesia, water quality standards for hygiene and sanitation purposes are outlined in the 2017 Minister of Health Regulation No. 32. The goal of this study is to describe and compare the water quality in areas with different population densities in the Sukun District of Malang City and to evaluate its compliance with national quality standards. A comparative descriptive study was conducted on two groups of areas: densely populated and less densely populated. A total of 80 water samples (40 per group) were randomly collected. The following parameters were measured using a multiparameter water quality meter: dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature. Descriptive analyses and independent t-tests were performed to evaluate differences between regions. Levels of DO in densely populated areas (7.20 ± 0.40 mg/L) were found to be significantly higher than in less densely populated areas (5.18 ± 1.45 mg/L; p = 1.71 × 10⁻¹⁰). The pH value was also higher in densely populated areas (7.32 ± 0.36) compared to less densely populated areas (6.82 ± 0.39; p = 5.33 × 10⁻⁸). Water temperature in less densely populated areas was higher (26.96 ± 1.28 °C) than in densely populated areas (26.44 ± 0.34 °C; p = 0.025). Densely populated areas met all quality standards, whereas less densely populated areas did not meet the minimum DO standard. Significant differences in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH levels suggest that these two parameters are sensitive indicators of environmental sanitation. Therefore, water quality—particularly DO and pH—can serve as a reliable indicator of environmental sanitation differences between densely and less densely populated areas, aligning with the objective of this study.

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Periodical:

Construction Technologies and Architecture (Volume 24)

Pages:

107-113

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ZVYRb6

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Online since:

June 2026

Authors:

Jenvia Rista Pratiwi*, Samuel Halomoan Tambunan, Mohammad Palwa Priya Rajendra, Rhenata Chriskeowny Telaumbanua

Keywords:

Environmental Sanitation, Population Density, Public Health in Malang City, Water Quality

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References

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