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TiO2 Nanoparticle-Driven Morphological Modulation to Improve Series Resistance and Trap Energy in Phenosafranine Dye-Based Organic Devices

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Abstract:

This study explores the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on the electrical performance of Phenosafranine (PSF) dye-based organic devices. Composite films were fabricated by blending PSF with TiO₂ nanoparticles in varying weight ratios (1:1 to 1:4), and their structural and electrical properties were systematically analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed that the nanoparticles were evenly spread out, which is favorable for charge movement. The I–V results, analyzed using the Cheung method and trap energy model, showed that adding a moderate amount of TiO₂ nanoparticles reduced series resistance, ideality factor, and trap energy. These changes lead to enhance carrier mobility and overall device conductivity. However, when the TiO₂ amount was too high (more than 1:3 ratio), the performance started to drop. Overall, this work shows how TiO₂ nanoparticles can help improve the overall performance of organic electronic devices by changing their structure and electrical behavior in a controlled way.

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Periodical:

Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications (Volume 39)

Pages:

57-68

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-m5CF7K

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Online since:

January 2026

Authors:

Pallab Kumar Das*, Swapan Bhunia, Nabin Baran Manik

Keywords:

Morphological Analysis, Phenosafranine Dye, Series Resistance (Rs), Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) Nanoparticles, Trap Energy (Ec)

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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