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Influence of Bitumen Consistency and Structure on its Deformation Behavior during Glass Transition

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Abstract:

This study examines the influence of the structural type of bitumen and its consistency on deformation behavior under low-temperature conditions, focusing on the glass transition temperature range, which is critical for the design of frost-resistant asphalt pavements. Motivated by the challenge of low-temperature cracking – a primary cause of asphalt pavement deterioration in cold climates – the research addresses the need to enhance bitumen’s stress relaxation capabilities to mitigate thermal cracking and extend pavement lifespan. Bitumen samples of gel, sol, and sol-gel structural types with different penetration grades (35/50, 100/150, and 160/220) were tested for creep compliance under axial tension at temperatures from -40 °C to 0 °C. The results showed that gel-type bitumen exhibit significantly higher creep compliance compared to sol-type bitumen with the same penetration, indicating better deformability. Specifically, gel-type bitumen demonstrated a plasticity index (m-value) 1.5–1.7 times higher than sol-type bitumen in the range from -40 °C to -30 °C, reflecting enhanced stress relaxation. The glass transition temperature of gel-type bitumen was found to be 4–6 °C lower than that of sol-type bitumen, further supporting its suitability for cold climates. These findings provide quantitative insights into optimizing bitumen selection for frost-resistant pavements, offering a creep compliance testing method that is simpler than traditional BBR and DSR approaches. The results are significant for improving pavement durability in regions with extreme temperature fluctuations, reducing maintenance costs, and guiding the development of performance-graded bitumen specifications.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1035)

Pages:

161-170

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-cg2WFe

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Online since:

December 2025

Authors:

Volodymyr Maliar*

Keywords:

Bitumen, Creep Compliance, Deformation Behavior, Glass Transition, Low-Temperature Properties, m-Value, Structural Types

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© 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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