Materials Science Forum Vol. 1063

Abstract: Bio-based textiles are an emerging area of cross-disciplinary research, involving material science and design and contributing to textile sustainability. An example of a bio-based textile is an orange-waste film, which is plant-based and biodegradable and possesses mechanical properties which are comparable to some commodity plastics. The research project presented in this article aimed to explore orange-waste film as a new material for textile and fashion design and highlights how experimental co-design processes and innovation involving orange waste film as a textile material adds a new layer of material understanding to both textile design and technology-driven material research. Material-development methods were used to develop the orange-waste film, as were textile design methods with a focus on surface design. The results show that material variables such as tensile strength and elongation are dependent on the grinding process and drying temperature used for the raw material, as these determined the quality and durability of the orange-waste film and its applicability to the field of textile design. The use of orange waste in the creation of textiles opens up for more ways of thinking about and working with materials, and orange waste could become a desirable raw material for textile design on the basis that it introduces certain aesthetic and functional possibilities through its visual and tactile expression and material behaviour, in addition to defining methods of producing textiles.

Abstract: Denim fabric is well accepted, and still, now it has appeal for its variation and technological improvement. Denim is mostly produced from cotton, which is concerned with the sustainability issue. In this article, a new generation of sustainable yarn has been developed from lyocell and cellulosic acetate fiber, blended with cotton fiber having the object to alternate and minimize the cotton fiber amount in the denim production. In this study, denim fabric was produced from Lyocell (Tencel®)/Cotton blended warp yarn and Cellulosic acetate (CA(Naia®))/Cotton blended dual core-spun weft yarn then fabric performances have been analyzed. From the analysis, 100% CO fabric weight changes more than other samples due to higher shrinkage than others. Regenerated yarn samples have lower growth percentages with high elasticity than 100% cotton. Regenerated blended yarn fabric samples have lower tear strength on the weft side than 100% CO sample, but they have more tear and tensile strength on the warp side. Denim fabric from sustainable yarns is also wear comfortable.

Abstract: In the textile industry, various 3D printing technologies are used in fashion design and functional clothing (protective, military and sportswear, including wearable electronics), where the textile substrate is functionalized using additive technology. 3D printing allows the personalization of the product, which translates in the apparel industry in the production of special clothing or the customized production of clothing parts with additional functions at a more rational cost. In our research, we developed and investigated textiles with enhanced protective properties produced by direct 3D polymer printing on fabrics. Twelve woven fabrics were produced in sateen, twill and hopsack with two different weft yarns and in two weft densities. A preliminary T-peel test was used to determine the optimal fabric structure that would ensure maximum adhesion for direct 3D printing of thermoplastic materials on fabric. 3D objects were printed on textile substrates using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology and thermoplastic acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA) filaments. The main objective was to develop functional textiles with improved protective properties. The results of the physical-mechanical and permeability properties of the functional textiles indicate a promising increase in abrasion resistance by at least 70%, although some other properties deteriorate.

Abstract: Cover factor is defined as the ratio of the area covered by yarns to the total area of the fabric. This fabric’s characteristic is a basic construction parameter of woven cloth related to its end-use behaviour. Different authors are focused on studying the effect of the cover factor fabric on different properties of the fabric, like air permeability, ultraviolet protection, noise absorption and light transmission. However, the aim of this work is study the capacity of the weft to achieve a certain degree of coverage in the woven fabric, taking advantage of the warp's ability to allow light to pass through its own structure and the opacity of the weft.

Abstract: Collagenase acts by promoting wound debridement, contributing to the tissue repair process. Several studies pointed collagenase as a substance involved in the elimination of devitalized tissue or any contaminated material found in the wound bed after the appearance of a lesion or skin burn. In the present work hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/cyclodextrins hydrogels and polycaprolactone nanofibers with the ability to transport collagenase for the treatment of skin lesions, were synthesized and characterized. The collagenase polymeric carriers showed good physicochemical properties and presented the ability to retain the enzyme in its structure. Moreover, the PCL carriers did not display cytotoxic effect on human skin fibroblasts. Controlled release and in vitro diffusion studies revealed a slow release of active collagenase confirming the ability of the new systems to be used as carriers’ devices in the treatment of skin lesions.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate a potential antimicrobial activity of biodegradable cellulose acetate (CA)/ cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) nanofiber filters produced by electrospinning technique. Samples of these nanofibers were produced over a nonwoven substrate, using a polymeric solution in the electrospinning process. Wettability tests were performed by measuring the contact angle of droplets of water deposited on their surface. The evaluation of the antibacterial properties of the nanofibers was performed for Escherichia coli using quantitative methods. Regarding the contact angle measurement, it presented about 63o, showing that this material can be wetted by water. The antibacterial test results showed that the use of the surfactant provides antibacterial properties to the CA/CPB nanofibers, presenting 100% reduction for bacteria. Further studies are necessary, however, these preliminary results showed that, based on these features, the nanofibers could be applied as a filter media for indoor air conditioning systems, mainly due to their biocidal properties.

Abstract: Microorganisms that accumulate on the surfaces of protective mask surfaces increase the risk of the spread of infection. In the study, it is aimed to form antibacterial polypropylene (PP) nonwovens treated by propolis extracts for surgical masks. Propolis, which is biocompatible and known to be effective against many bacteria and other microorganisms, was preferred instead of metal compounds with toxic potential. In the study, two types of propolis extracts were used which were prepared in different solvent environment (50% ethyl alcohol - 50% pure water; 47% propylene glycol - 53% pure water). The amounts of phenolic compounds in the solutions obtained differently depending on the solvent and HPLC-DAD analysis of the extracts was performed. After the application of propolis extracts to PP nonwovens by immersion method, the change in their antibacterial activities were measured. According to the results, PP nonwovens with propolis show antibacterial activity against Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. On the other hand, it was observed that the samples that were washed after drying (at 120 °C) lost their antibacterial effect. It is thought that the reason for this situation is that the phenolic compounds in propolis extracts, which are not fully adhered to PP fibers and soluble in water, are removed from the surface by washing.

Abstract: These days, nanofibers are used in the medical sector, such as drug delivery and wound dressing structures, because of their excellent characteristics, high permeability, and important surface area. Natural and synthetic polymers may be electrospun in the form of a blend. Besides, the antibiotics such as linezolid, enrofloxacin, and vancomycin are used in wound dressing due to their antibacterial properties. In this research, the blend nanofibrous structures made of PCL and gelatin (Gel) with a 25:75 ratio were produced for wound dressing applications. Clindamycin HCL as a drug was added to Gel and PCL polymeric solutions. Surface morphology, functional groups, and hydrophilicity of nanofibers were examined using SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and contact angle measurement, respectively. In addition, the antibacterial properties of nanofibers were evaluated quantitatively. The drug release mechanism of samples was investigated which the best-fitted model was recognized Korsmeyer-Peppas model. SEM images of scaffolds demonstrated uniform and bead-free morphology that, with incorporating the 6% of the drug, the diameters of mats were decreased from 398 nm to 303 nm. Moreover, the samples showed proper hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties against a gram-positive (89%) and a gram-negative (98%) bacterium. Finally, the nanofibers are capable of releasing the clindamycin gradually for 6 days.

Abstract: The antimicrobial functionalization of polyester fabrics (PES) is useful to provide protection from pathogens and reducing odors. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have been widely applied due to their antimicrobial properties and higher biocompatibility compared with other metal nanoparticles. However, the inherent instability of CuNPs under atmospheric conditions and the use of harmful chemicals during their synthesis limit their use. Thus, the development of efficient and safe methods for the CuNPs synthesis and their stabilization onto surfaces present high interest. In this work, PES was functionalized with CuNPs via in situ synthesis using cost-effective and safe chemicals in the presence and absence of chitosan. In sample without chitosan, the CuNPs showed a suitable stabilization onto PES due to the doubled stabilization of ascorbic acid (AA) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). In sample with chitosan, less CuNPs were retained by the PES but also less CuNPs agglomeration was observed. Both samples presented excellent antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as well as laundering durability.