Superplasticity in Advanced Materials - ICSAM 2006
Vols. 551-552
Vols. 551-552
Fundamentals of Deformation and Annealing
Vol. 550
Vol. 550
Progress in Light Metals, Aerospace Materials and Superconductors
Vols. 546-549
Vols. 546-549
Eco-Materials Processing and Design VIII
Vols. 544-545
Vols. 544-545
THERMEC 2006
Vols. 539-543
Vols. 539-543
Materials Science, Testing and Informatics III
Vols. 537-538
Vols. 537-538
Progress in Powder Metallurgy
Vols. 534-536
Vols. 534-536
Advances in Materials Manufacturing Science and Technology II
Vols. 532-533
Vols. 532-533
Advanced Powder Technology V
Vols. 530-531
Vols. 530-531
Silicon Carbide and Related Materials 2005
Vols. 527-529
Vols. 527-529
Advances in Materials Processing Technologies, 2006
Vol. 526
Vol. 526
Residual Stresses VII, ECRS7
Vols. 524-525
Vols. 524-525
High-Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion 2005
Vols. 522-523
Vols. 522-523
Progress in Powder Metallurgy
Volumes 534-536
Paper Title Page
Abstract: A new mathematical simulation technique for physico-mechanical properties of multicomponent
powder materials is proposed in this paper. The main advantage of the technique is that
finite elements representing different components are placed into a common mesh and may
exchange their properties. The input data are properties of components and specified value of
porosity. The output data are properties of material after sintering. The technique allows us to
investigate the influence of each component of a material on the properties and distribution of
properties inside the sample. The comparative analysis of materials with different compositions is
based on simulation results that are well concordant with the results of the laboratory experiments.
397
Abstract: Fine and coarse alumina-titania composite particles were overlaid by allowing the
particles to be deposited for a short time without moving a plasmatron [spot spraying bead]. Both
the deposition efficiency and maximum deposition rate were measured at the different plasma gas
composition. Considering the normalized maximum deposition rate [(maximum deposition
rate)x(deposition efficiency)-1], effects of particle size and plasma gas composition on the particle
segregation within a cross-section of mass flux could be estimated. Also, particle melting state
according to the position within a mass flux at the moment of impact could be also estimated
through the investigations of microstructure and phase composition of the spot spraying bead.
401
Abstract: In order to enhance understandings of the coating formation in the plasma spraying, an
empirical method known as the spot spraying bead formation, was designed. This study is focused
on the applicability of the proposed empirical method to explain the microstructural inhomogeneity
during the process. Based on the in-flight particle diagnostics using DPV-2000, two different
plasma gas compositions were chosen to evaluate the plasma gas effect on the microstructural
evolution of Al2O3-TiO2 composite feedstock. A blended NiCr-Cr2O3-Ag-Ca/BaF2 feedstock was
sprayed in order to examine the effects of particle parameters on the particle trajectory and the
coating microstructures. Through the empirical approach, impacting particle properties and particle
trajectory depending on process parameters could be directly shown and coating microstructures
could be deduced from the characteristics of the spot spraying bead.
405
Abstract: Correlations between in-flight particle, splat and coating microstructure of thermally
sprayed Ni20Cr were investigated. Flame spray and arc spray systems were employed for spraying
Ni20Cr powder and Ni20Cr wire, respectively. The results showed that the arc spray process
produced a broader size distribution for both in-flight particles and splats compared to flame
process. Flower-like splat morphology was obtained from the arc spray whereas a pancake-like
splat was obtained by flame spray. Ni20Cr coating sprayed by arc process had a denser
microstructure, lower porosity and better adhesion at the interface. This could be due to the higher
temperature and velocity from the arc spray process enhancing the melting and adhering for coating
formation.
409
Abstract: In Spray Forming, specific enthalpy is a key parameter in the deposition process as it
influences the thermal condition of the impinging droplets as well as that of the deposit surface. An
empirical model for the distribution of specific enthalpy in the spray cone was developed as an easy
to handle alternative to numerical models with which the descriptive partial differential equations
are solved numerically. The model results were compared with the experimental data to validate its
applicability.
417
Abstract: Ti(Al,O)-Al2O3 composite powders were produced by high energy mechanical milling of
a mixture of Al and TiO2 powders followed by combustion reaction. The powders were then
thermally sprayed on H13 steel substrates. Microstructural examination was conducted on the
composite powders and thermally sprayed coatings using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of the coatings was evaluated in terms of microhardness
and thermal fatigue. The thermally sprayed coatings showed fairly good performance in
the preliminary thermal fatigue tests and did not display any wetting tendency to molten aluminum.
421
Abstract: Tungsten coatings with different interlayers onto the oxygen-free copper substrates were
fabricated by atmosphere plasma spraying. The effects of different interlayers of NiCrAl, NiAl and
W/Cu on bonding strength were studied. SEM, EDS and XRD were used to investigate the
photographs and compositions of these coatings. The tungsten coatings with different initial particle
sizes resulted in different microstructures. Oxidation was not detected in the tungsten coating, but in
the interlayer, it was found by both XRD and EDS. The tungsten coating deposited directly onto the
copper substrate presented higher bonding strength than those with different interlayers.
425
Abstract: Porosity in spray-formed materials is an important issue, but the formation of porosity is
not completely understood. Many experimental results and some theoretical models have been
presented in the past. Nevertheless, the prediction of porosity in a deposit is still not possible today.
The paper will give some examples picked from literature, which show some general correlations
between process parameters and porosity. These correlations can be helpful to form a basic
understanding of the process. Finally it is necessary to know more about the conditions of the
droplets and the deposit at the point of impingement. These impacting conditions have to be
correlated to the porosity to improve the understanding of the process and to make a prediction
possible. Determining the impact conditions is a challenge because usually they are not constant
with time and some values are difficult to measure.
Our experiments show a strong correlation between the surface temperature of the deposit and the
porosity. For IN718 and U720 as-sprayed porosities below 1 vol.% were achieved if the deposit
surface temperature is app. 1250 °C. The average impact angle weighted by the local particle mass
flux is also an important parameter. The probability of low as-sprayed porosity is high if the
average weighted impact angle is below 25° but decreases dramatically for higher impact angles.
429
Abstract: Cold spraying is a fairly new coating technique, which within the last decade attracted
serious attention of research groups and spray companies. As compared to thermal spraying, the low
process temperatures in cold spraying result in unique coating properties, which promise new applications.
Since particles impact with high kinetic energy in the solid state, new concepts to describe
coating formation are requested to enable the full potential of this new technology. The present contribution
gives a brief review of current models concerning bonding, supplying a description of the
most influential spray parameters and consequences for new developments. With respect to spray
forming by cold cold spraying, microstructures and thick, further machineable structures are presented.
433