Search results

At 1450°C,further sintering densification occurred (Fig.2 c) with the appearance of grain coarsening.
At 1150°C (Fig. 3a and b), the YSZDC-Cu0.02 exhibits a highly porous micro-structure, where some fine grains are observed,This suggests no significant sintering took place.
Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Foundation of Nature Science (51162014); Nature Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province Number(2010GZH0083); Jiangxi Science and Technology Support Program (2009ZDG05200); Ministry of Science and Technology Cooperation Program (2009DFA51210).

They focus on the contribution of the timber members to improve the strength to static and dynamic actions and on the behavior of the joints, taking into account design of the node, number and size of the concurring members, masonry bond.
This kind of degradation shows peculiar cross and longitudinal grain cracking, that is typical to the brown rot, presenting lack of consistence and minor weight than the intact timber elements, scant cohesion and low resistance to the transversal pressure.
The decay is characterized by surface tunnels, circular bore holes of 1 mm size, tunnels parallel to grain.

Toole [11] found brown rot that caused about 18% loss in compressive strength perpendicular to the grain at 2% weight loss.
Similarly, in [12] Mizumoto found a 10% reduction in compressive strength parallel to the grain at 2% weight loss.
The number of samples for each test in the test period was set at 10 pieces to the material.

High number of SOFC developer such as Global Thermoelectric Company, Westinghouse Electric Co6rporation, Siemens (now called Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation) and Fuji Electric was established the stability of SOFC component materials.
The grain size of the cathode also must be considered.
Grain size smaller than 100 nm comes with homogeneous nanostructured will enhance the performance and maximize the long term stability of the IT-LTSOFC.

Magnetic parameters reflect the type, grain size and concentration of magnetic minerals in samples [10,11]. χlf and χhf generally reflect the concentration of magnetic minerals, especially ferrimagnetic minerals (e.g., magnetite).
χfd% is a sensitive parameter for detecting the presence of SP grains (<0.03µm).
Table 1 Descriptive statistics of soil magnetic susceptibility in Tianbao Mount area of Pingyi County, Shandong Province Samples Variable Minimum Maximum Mean brown soil N=7 χlf (10-8m³/kg) 298.91 888.83 616.72 χhf (10-8m³/kg) 295.99 885.01 600.13 χfd% 0.05 12.96 2.17 cinnamon soil N=20 χlf (10-8m³/kg) 45.02 115.41 82.80 χhf (10-8m³/kg) 39.67 101.48 71.25 χfd% 10.95 13.96 12.69 Note: N-The number of samples Magnetic properties of the cinnamon soil profile For the cinnamon soil profile, the average value of χlf is 82.80×10-8m³/kg, varying between 56.8×10-8m³/kg and 115.41×10-8m³/kg.

Introduction A number of studies on the numerical simulation of moving boundary problems in cohesioneless soils have been published in the modern literature [e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4].
Loukidis and Salgado [15] mentioned that in order to restrain the shear band thickness next to the cone shaft to realistic values, the minimum element size should be between 5 and 20D50, where D50 is the grain diameter at which 50% of the soil is finer.
Grain diameter D50 for the Fontainbleau sand is D50=0.181mm [13] whereas the minimum element size adopted was 2mm (11D50), thus within the acceptable range.

In addition, with increase of WC content in composite powder, the number of WC particles in the field of view increases as shown in Fig.3.
The second reason is that WC particles can hinder the growth of the dendrite in the cladding layer, which is more conducive to the grain refinement, by this way the hardness of the cladding layer is improved.
It can be seen that there are mostly coarse grains in the arc surfacing coating, and the dendrite arm space is much larger than that of the laser cladding layer (as shown in Fig.2).

In general, the grain of alumina phase is bigger than zirconia.
It caused by α-alumina crystalline can easily prompt the grain growth after calcination at high temperature.
The number of peaks for –OH function groups in ZAS powder related to high content of zirconia.

There appear a small number of diffraction peaks in the Fig.1 due to the formation of a texture during cold rolling.
Plates of α' were seen in the micrographs of Ti-5Cr, and equiaxed β grains were seen in the other alloys.
The increase in hardness is thought to be caused by solid solution hardening mostly, since (1) ω or other second phase was not detected by XTD, (2) remarkable grain size refinement was not observed as seen in Fig.3, and (3) no work hardening remained due to fully recrystallization.

Table 1 Theoretical kinetic model equations considered Model Label Johnson–Mehl–Avrami n Normal grain growth m The general kinetics equation, Eq. (1), can be rewritten in the logarithmic form as： (6) The right side of Eq. (6) depends neither on T nor on β.
The crystallization mechanism is composed of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami nucleation and growth mode in the early stages, and the normal grain growth kinetic law mode in the advanced stages.
Acknowledgements This work is financially supported by Natural Science of Gansu Province, Grant number ZS032-B25-018.