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Online since: September 2022
Authors: Yuen Mei Lian, Shariena Shamsul Bahari, Lee Siew Ling, Ros Azlinawati Ramli
Corn (Zea mays) is one of the world’s most important feed grains.
Table 1 Reactive Blue 4 specification Synonym 1-Amino-4-[3-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-ylamino)-4-sulfophenylamino]anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, Procion® blue MX-R Molecular Formula C23H14Cl2N6O8S2 Molecular Weight 637.43 CAS Number 13324-20-4 Molecular Structure Preparation of corn cob.
As a small number of RB4 dye molecules was adsorbed into the surface sites of TiO2-corn cob and with the irradiation of UV light on the TiO2 surface results in the formation of strong reactive radical (OH·) which then oxidize the RB4 dye molecules and result in a high photodegradation rate of RB4.
Whereas, as the concentration of RB4 increases, the number of RB4 dye molecules in the solution also increases, thus making the adsorption site on the TiO2-corn cob surface become saturated due to the adsorption capacity has exceeded [41].
The smaller number of free radicals produced on TiO2’s surface will not be enough to attack dye molecules and, as a result, will not be able to degrade dyes.
Table 1 Reactive Blue 4 specification Synonym 1-Amino-4-[3-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-ylamino)-4-sulfophenylamino]anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid, Procion® blue MX-R Molecular Formula C23H14Cl2N6O8S2 Molecular Weight 637.43 CAS Number 13324-20-4 Molecular Structure Preparation of corn cob.
As a small number of RB4 dye molecules was adsorbed into the surface sites of TiO2-corn cob and with the irradiation of UV light on the TiO2 surface results in the formation of strong reactive radical (OH·) which then oxidize the RB4 dye molecules and result in a high photodegradation rate of RB4.
Whereas, as the concentration of RB4 increases, the number of RB4 dye molecules in the solution also increases, thus making the adsorption site on the TiO2-corn cob surface become saturated due to the adsorption capacity has exceeded [41].
The smaller number of free radicals produced on TiO2’s surface will not be enough to attack dye molecules and, as a result, will not be able to degrade dyes.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Zi Kui Liu, Bi Cheng Zhou
These techniques are either not very easily accessible (high temperature calorimetry) or heavily influenced by the microstructural features of the materials such as grain boundaries or impurities (SIMS and impedance measurement).
The summation of these Kohn-Sham orbitals yields the electron density of the real systems: (4) where N is the number of particles.
In defining the thermodynamic properties of migration resulting from reversibly taking a system in initial state to transition state, a constant number of degrees of freedom needs to be maintained.
Numbers in the legend refer to the employed scaling factor.
Wang, Sintering dense nanocrystalline ceramics without final-stage grain growth, Nature. 404 (2000) 168–71
The summation of these Kohn-Sham orbitals yields the electron density of the real systems: (4) where N is the number of particles.
In defining the thermodynamic properties of migration resulting from reversibly taking a system in initial state to transition state, a constant number of degrees of freedom needs to be maintained.
Numbers in the legend refer to the employed scaling factor.
Wang, Sintering dense nanocrystalline ceramics without final-stage grain growth, Nature. 404 (2000) 168–71
Online since: December 2023
Authors: Martina Schwager, Daniela Zellner, Andrea Varga
With the chosen mass coverage, it was ensured that the density of AgNWs on the substrate is high enough so that post treatment can enable a sufficient number of conductive pathways in the network by generating intimate point of contacts.
The thermally annealed film exhibited a low sheet resistance of 5 Ω/sq which is consistent with the formation of a high number of junctions leading to an electrically conductive percolation network.
Since plasmons are prone to scattering from grain boundaries and rough surfaces the structural inhomogeneity of the joule heated sample effects a substantially preferred non-radiative relaxation of SPR excitations [60].
According to the absorption spectra the number of absorbed photons at 315 nm is approximately 60 % for the three specimens as compared to the respective number of photons at 372 nm.
The thermally annealed film exhibited a low sheet resistance of 5 Ω/sq which is consistent with the formation of a high number of junctions leading to an electrically conductive percolation network.
Since plasmons are prone to scattering from grain boundaries and rough surfaces the structural inhomogeneity of the joule heated sample effects a substantially preferred non-radiative relaxation of SPR excitations [60].
According to the absorption spectra the number of absorbed photons at 315 nm is approximately 60 % for the three specimens as compared to the respective number of photons at 372 nm.
Online since: June 2010
Authors: José María González-Calbet, M.L. Ruiz-González
These characteristic are very useful to determine complicated atomic structures in the grain
boundaries and interfaces (26).
Especially, with the introduction of high angle annular darkfield (HAADF) imaging, incoherent Z (atomic number)-contrast STEM has been shown to provide direct, compositionally sensitive structure images without the phase problem (32, 33).
The intensity of the image obtained by detecting the electrons scattered to higher angles is known to correspond to approximately the square of the atomic number Z.
The chiral vector, cn, is defined according to the a1 and a2 unitary vectors and the entire numbers n and m.
Ed. 44, 4328 (2004) Reproduced by permission of Wiley-VCH It can be observed that the sidewalls of the hematite nanotubes appear brighter as a result of the relatively large number of the atoms relative to other parts of the nanotubes.
Especially, with the introduction of high angle annular darkfield (HAADF) imaging, incoherent Z (atomic number)-contrast STEM has been shown to provide direct, compositionally sensitive structure images without the phase problem (32, 33).
The intensity of the image obtained by detecting the electrons scattered to higher angles is known to correspond to approximately the square of the atomic number Z.
The chiral vector, cn, is defined according to the a1 and a2 unitary vectors and the entire numbers n and m.
Ed. 44, 4328 (2004) Reproduced by permission of Wiley-VCH It can be observed that the sidewalls of the hematite nanotubes appear brighter as a result of the relatively large number of the atoms relative to other parts of the nanotubes.
Online since: January 2025
Authors: Naoaki Noda
As shown in Fig. 2(b), a 4-node quadrilateral plane strain is used with the number of mesh elements are 6. × 105 with confirming the mesh independency of the results.
For the fatigue risk evaluation, therefore, the stress obtained by after two rotations can be always used irrespective of the number of the roll rotation.
When δd=0, the slip angle θslip=76° and the slip distance ls= πdθslip360=31.8 mm occurs after the number of the roll rotation n=1×104.
When δd=0.21×10-3, the slip angle θslip=77° and the slip distance ls=πdθslip360=32.3 mm occurs after the number of the roll rotation n=3×104.
Sano, Super cermet rolls for manufacturing ultra-fine-grained steel, International Conference on Tribology in Manufacturing Processes ICTMP 2007 International Conference 24-26, Yokohama, September 2007
For the fatigue risk evaluation, therefore, the stress obtained by after two rotations can be always used irrespective of the number of the roll rotation.
When δd=0, the slip angle θslip=76° and the slip distance ls= πdθslip360=31.8 mm occurs after the number of the roll rotation n=1×104.
When δd=0.21×10-3, the slip angle θslip=77° and the slip distance ls=πdθslip360=32.3 mm occurs after the number of the roll rotation n=3×104.
Sano, Super cermet rolls for manufacturing ultra-fine-grained steel, International Conference on Tribology in Manufacturing Processes ICTMP 2007 International Conference 24-26, Yokohama, September 2007
Online since: December 2008
Authors: Roberto Bez, Emilio Camerlenghi, Agostino Pirovano
Until the 1.5um technology, basically only silicon (in the form of
crystal and poly-grains), silicon dioxide (thermally grown or deposited via CVD technique), siliconnitride
and aluminium as metallic layer for interconnect, were used.
The number of metal interconnects still represents a big difference with respect to the most advanced logic processes.
The poly1 deposition has a critical role in preserving the tunnel oxide, since it is deposited on top of it and any evolution of the poly grain structure may have an impact on the tunnel oxide integrity.
In a NOR cell a contact is shared every two cells, and basically this double the number of lithography features needed to define the cell.
This effect is related to the polarization shift in the hysteresis loop and it is proportional with the increasing number of switching cycles.
The number of metal interconnects still represents a big difference with respect to the most advanced logic processes.
The poly1 deposition has a critical role in preserving the tunnel oxide, since it is deposited on top of it and any evolution of the poly grain structure may have an impact on the tunnel oxide integrity.
In a NOR cell a contact is shared every two cells, and basically this double the number of lithography features needed to define the cell.
This effect is related to the polarization shift in the hysteresis loop and it is proportional with the increasing number of switching cycles.
Online since: December 2025
Authors: Shumaila Karamat, Muhammad Talha, Faisal Nasim, Rizwan Akram, Shabeya Kanwal, Uzma Khalique
In Fig. 2(a) the ZnO pattern shows well-defined peaks of (100), (101), and (103) planes, matching with Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) card number (01-075-1533) from the X’pert Highscore database [19].
The space group of the matched ZnO crystal structure is P63mc with group number 186.
MoS2 has a rhombohedral crystal structure with space group R3m and group number 160 [25].
The calculated average grain size of MoS2 was 11.03 µm2 via ImageJ Software.
Acknowledgement Muhammad Talha and Shumaila Karamat are thankful to HEC-NRPU under the project number 8810.
The space group of the matched ZnO crystal structure is P63mc with group number 186.
MoS2 has a rhombohedral crystal structure with space group R3m and group number 160 [25].
The calculated average grain size of MoS2 was 11.03 µm2 via ImageJ Software.
Acknowledgement Muhammad Talha and Shumaila Karamat are thankful to HEC-NRPU under the project number 8810.
Online since: June 2025
Authors: Nadiya Miftachul Chusna, Arif Hidayat, Sunaryono Sunaryono, Anugrah Pratama Supriyono
The XRD patterns of the rGO/Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed consistency with COD data number 3000327.
The rGO components, however, displayed a distinctive grain-like appearance characterized by stretched and crumpled structural features.
The funding is provided through the Master Thesis Research (PTM) program in 2024 with contract number 11.6.140/UN32.14.1/LT/2024 on behalf of SN.
The rGO components, however, displayed a distinctive grain-like appearance characterized by stretched and crumpled structural features.
The funding is provided through the Master Thesis Research (PTM) program in 2024 with contract number 11.6.140/UN32.14.1/LT/2024 on behalf of SN.
Online since: November 2014
Authors: Inderpreet Kaur, Shriniwas Yadav, Sukhbir Singh, Vanish Kumar, Shweta Arora, Deepika Bhatnagar
Unfortunately, these methods would require too much redundancy to handle the number of manufacturing defects expected [6].
4.
The integers, n and m, denote the number of unit vectors along two directions in the honeycomb crystal lattice of graphene.
With N being number of carbon dimer lines across the ribbon width, these families are N=3p-1, 3p, and 3p+1, where “p” is a positive integer.
Now current flow under bias will depend on the number of energy levels available around E= µ.
Fu, et al., Repeated growth and bubbling transfer of graphene with millimetre-size single-crystal grains using platinum, Nature communications, 3 (2012) 699-706
The integers, n and m, denote the number of unit vectors along two directions in the honeycomb crystal lattice of graphene.
With N being number of carbon dimer lines across the ribbon width, these families are N=3p-1, 3p, and 3p+1, where “p” is a positive integer.
Now current flow under bias will depend on the number of energy levels available around E= µ.
Fu, et al., Repeated growth and bubbling transfer of graphene with millimetre-size single-crystal grains using platinum, Nature communications, 3 (2012) 699-706
Online since: December 2024
Authors: Hai Tao Wang, Yi Yang, Yu Zhang, Yue Xin, Ying Zhou
The iron tailings used in the test came from Anshan Qidashan Iron Mine, and the raw materials were dried, screened and mixed, so that the grain size distribution was 80μm (190 mesh) square hole sieve with 10% remaining.
Influencing factor Numbering Level -1 0 1 Iron tailings content[%] X1 10 30 50 Liquid-solid ratio X2 0.4 0.5 0.6 Curing temperature[℃] X3 40 60 80 Table 4.
However, as the curing temperature continues to increase, the polymerization rate between geopolymer precursors increases, resulting in a large number of monomers and oligomers.
Number of freeze-thaw cycles n IF IF-RC ∆R 25 37.63 37.08 1.46% 50 38.44 37.41 2.68% 75 38.5 36.83 4.34% 100 37.38 35.93 3.88% 125 37.8 33.19 12.20% Fig. 8.
In addition, after a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles, the internal structure is relatively loose, as shown in the figure.
Influencing factor Numbering Level -1 0 1 Iron tailings content[%] X1 10 30 50 Liquid-solid ratio X2 0.4 0.5 0.6 Curing temperature[℃] X3 40 60 80 Table 4.
However, as the curing temperature continues to increase, the polymerization rate between geopolymer precursors increases, resulting in a large number of monomers and oligomers.
Number of freeze-thaw cycles n IF IF-RC ∆R 25 37.63 37.08 1.46% 50 38.44 37.41 2.68% 75 38.5 36.83 4.34% 100 37.38 35.93 3.88% 125 37.8 33.19 12.20% Fig. 8.
In addition, after a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles, the internal structure is relatively loose, as shown in the figure.