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The perforation of structures consisting of ice cubes and thin steel plates above and on them is simulated.
The target is a double-layered metal structure with ice cube between front and back layers (see Figure 4, top row).
J. of Solids and Structures. 48 (2011) 2779–2790
International Journal of Solids and Structures, 49(14): (2019) 1919–1927
Tolkachev and Trushkov V [Matematicheskoye modelirovaniye sdvigovykh i otkol'nykh razrusheniy pri udarnom vzaimodeystvii uprugoplasticheskikh tel] Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B: Focus on Physics. 12 (1993) 170-175.

Bonding metallic structures with composite materials is widely considered to be the most optimal method for joining damaged and fractured structures.
Mesh convergence of the structure.
Jones, Bonded repair of aircraft structures.
Composite Structures, 95 (2013) 173-178
Yamaguchi, Rheological characterization on thermal degradation of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 166 (2014) 117–121

The X-ray diffraction study describes a shift from a monocrystalline structure from the undoped sample to a transition towards to a polycrystalline structure, which is better defined in the Ag and Au doped samples.
Tougaard, Quantitative analysis of satellite structures in XPS spectra of gold and silver, Appl.
Le Bail, Crystallography Open Database – an open-access collection of crystal structures, J.
Downs, The RRUFF Project: an integrated study of the chemistry, crystallography, Raman and infrared spectroscopy of minerals, Progr.
Cohen, Electronic band structures for zinc-blende and wurtzite CdS, Phys.

F1 ATPase is a subunit of ATP synthase, which is one of the biomolecular structure works on the plasma membrane of the living cell.
Structures of (a) Dynein [14], (b) Myosin [15] and (c) The ATP synthase with subunits arrangement [16].
Hamachi, Thermally Responsive Supramolecular Nanomeshes for On/Off Switching of the Rotary Motion of F1‐ATPase at the Single‐Molecule Level, Chemistry-A European Journal 14 (2008) 1891-1896
[24] CSID:5742 on [http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5742.html] [25] A.E.
[27] Bald, ATP Synthase: Structure, Function and Regulation of a Complex Machine, in: G.A.

Monosilanes have the general structure R3Si(CH2)nR’ where R is a silicon ester and R’ is an organofunctional group.
Whereas bissilanes have the general structure R3Si(CH2)nY(CH2)nSiR3 or R3Si(CH2)mSiR3, Y being a functional group.
Structures of bis and mono silanes are given in Figure 2.
"Effect of Solvent Nature on the Interaction of [gamma]-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy Silane on Oxidised Aluminium Surface: A Study by Solution Chemistry and Surface Analysis."
"IRSE Study on Effect of Thermal Curing on the Chemistry and Thickness of Organosilane Films Coated on Aluminium."

Reducing certain volumes of concrete from 30 to 50% will affect the performance of the slab structure in particular the flexural and shear capacity.
Introduction In concrete building construction, a slab structure is a structural member that consumes a large amount of concrete.
Researcher [6] stated that the self-weight of the slab structure will be reduced by up to 35% if this system is used in concrete building construction while [7] believed that the slab structure can be lighter by nearly to 50% compared to a conventional concrete slab.
Results & Discussion Coring Test It is common practise that a coring test is used to evaluate the concrete strength of existing concrete structures.
Chemistry World (March Edition) pp:62-66

Recent progress in the growth of nitride based semiconductor structures made by plasma assisted MBE (PAMBE) is reported.
Laser Diodes Fabricated by PAMBE Laser diode structures were deposited on (0001) Ga- polarity conductive, low dislocation density high pressure grown GaN bulk substrates.
The mesa structure was etched to a depth of 0.3 µm.
As stated previously, for the group III metal rich regime one can create conditions for a two-dimensional step-flow growth mode, which in principle should give device quality structures by PAMBE.
Lemley, Journal of Physical Chemistry 69, 3455 (1965)

Fabrication, characterization and cytotoxicity of guar gum/copper oxide nanocomposite: Efficient removal of organic pollutant Deepak Pathania, Rishu Katwal and Gaurav Sharma* School of Chemistry, Shoolini University, Solan – 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India *Corresponding author: E-mail: gaurav8777@gmail.com, P: +91-9418807170 Keywords: Guar gum, CuO nanoparticles, Nanocomposite, Malachite green, Photocatalytic activity, Antimicrobial activity.
XRD result shows that the synthesis of GG/CuO does not destroy the crystal structure of CuO, the strongest peaks at (111) (202) indicate the preferential growth directions.The diffraction peaks at 32.5º, 35.4º, 38.7º, 48.7º, 53.5º, 58.3º, 61.5º, 67.9º, 72.4º and 75.0º corresponds to the (110), (1 1 1), (111), (202), (020), (2 2 0), (113), (311), (220) and (311) lattice planes of the CuO NPs [44].The strong and sharp reflection peaks inferred the crystalline nature of the nanocomposite.
Decomposition of conjugated structure, N-demethylation reactions, hydroxyl addition reactions, the removal of benzene ring, and the ring-opening reaction mechanism of MG was reported in literature [54].
Acknowledgements The authors also acknowledge the Department of Chemistry Shoolini University, Solan for providing all necessary research facilities.

The FT.IR spectra and chemical structure are shown in Fig.1.
The structure deposited is so thermally stable (TS) [4].
This is attributed to more organized chemical structure for specimens were prepared by chemical reaction.
This may be attributed to the presence of partially graphitized nano particle fillers within the carbon structure.
Οya, “Turbostratic Structure Components Deposited by Catalytic Action of Finely Dispersed Metals”, Carbon, 79, 111 (1974)

While some isolated particles are visible, the sample primarily consists of aggregates composed of irregularly shaped particles with poorly defined structures (Fig. 3).
These results confirm that the structure of the cate@ZIF-8 in alginate hydrogel aligns with those reported in previous studies, verifying the successful identification of the material's structure.
The alginate gel was synthesized via ionic cross-linking with Ca²⁺ ions, followed by freeze- drying to generate a porous structure.
This controlled release behavior can be attributed to the intrinsic porous structure of ZIF-8, which enhances catechin adsorption and contributes to its high encapsulation efficiency.
Mahomoodally, The Versatility of Antioxidant Assays in Food Science and Safety—Chemistry, Applications, Strengths, and Limitations, Antioxidants 9 (2020) 709