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The main structure of DMFC is the same with PEMFC.
Wu [23] used a microporous titanium plate based integrated anode structure which was suitable for passive DMFC with neat methanol.
Two-hole electrode has a double porous structure made of two specifications of sintered nickel powder to ensure good contact of three-phase interface.
Rao: Chemical and electrochemical depositions of platinum group metals and their applications, Chemistry Review Vol.249 (2005), p. 613
[23] H.J Wu and H.F Zhang: Integrated anode structure for passive direct methanol fuel cells with neat methanol operation, Journal of Power Sources Vol.248 (2014), p. 1264-1269

At present, information about multicomponent amorphous alloys is available mainly for individual point compositions in the form of data on conditions of production, structure, mechanical and some other physical properties.
The Gibbs energy of liquid or solid solution was presented by the following expression: , (1) where is the Gibbs energy of pure component i with structure ϕ [15]; is the excess component of the Gibbs energy of solution ϕ.
Liu, Local atomic structures in Zr–Ni metallic glasses, Phys.
Mizutani, Electronic structure of (Ni33Zr67)1–xXx (X = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Cu) ternary metallic glasses studied by low temperature specific heat measurements, Mater.
Keiter, Inorganic chemistry: Principles of structure and reactivity, fourthth ed., HarperCollins College Publishers, New York, NY, 1993.

Potentiodynamic polarization tests were carried out on a LK3200A electrochemical measurement system (Tianjin Lanlike Chemistry & Electron High Technology Co., Ltd, China) using a standard three-electrode system.
Phase Structure Identification and Microstructure Characterization.
The phase structures of specimens were identified by XRD (Bruker D8 FOCUS) using Cu Kα radiation.
However, it is common to get crystal structure after MAO treatment with the similar procedure [3, 21, 24-26].
The surface of the MAO coating has a porous structure (Fig. 2a), which is a typical characteristic for a MAO coating.

Among various oxide based materials, ZnO-TiO2 composite is considered as potential UC host material because of its stable product, Zn2TiO4, that shows the great potential for being a good optical host, for example high thermal stability due to its inverse spinel structure, high value of refractive index n = 2.1 [9], and low phonon energy around 721 cm-1 [10].
As discussed by Luitel et al. in the ZnO-TiO2 composite doped with Er3+ and Yb3+ prepared by solid state reaction method, Zn2TiO4 has an AB2O4 type inverse spinel structure, where Zn atoms occupy the A-sites (tetrahedral, 4-fold) and B-sites (octahedral, 6-fold) are occupied by randomly arranged Zn and Ti atoms.
Liu, Recent advances in the chemistry of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals, Chem.
Chen, Investigation on the structure and upconversion fluorescence of Yb3+/Ho3+ co-doped fluorapatite crystals for potential biomedical applications, Sci.
Liu, Effects of the Ho3+/Yb3+ concentration ratio on the structure and photoluminescence of ZnO films, J.

Zhu et al. [28,29] and Gao et al. [30] have studied monolithic V2O5-WO3(MoO3)/TiO2 catalysts prepared by extrusion molding method and compared with commercial catalysts having a similar structure, but the strength of homemade catalysts needed to be further promoted.
While the carrier and the active components on catalysts prepared by coat coating method are in the form of a layer-shaped structure through coating in turn.
That was because cordierite honeycomb ceramics are composed of Al2O3, MgO and SiO2, which could be corroded by acid or alkaline, so as to enlarge the pore structure on ceramics being advantageous to the load of active substances.
It could be explained by the fact that the loading amount of active components was very small initially, that was to say the active sites where chemistry occurred were insufficient thus resulting in lower catalytic performance, and then with further increase of loading amount, active sites on the surface of catalysts were improved greatly in abundance accordingly accompanied with performance promotion.
Cen, Influence of preparation conditions on pore structure and activity of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 honeycomb catalysts, Pow.

Plant-derived epoxidized soybean oil is an acrylate-functional triglyceride and is appropriate for the manufacture of complex structures by 3D printing and photopolymerization [15–17].
Plant oils have the characteristics of ecologically safe, widely available biological and triglyceride structures and are therefore an ideal option for the preparation of bio-based UV-curable Prepolymers [10,18].
Plant oils have the characteristics of an eco-safe, widely available biodegradability and triglyceride structure and have therefore been used to make bio-based prepolymers for ultraviolet coating [29,36-38].
The design is made by solidwork program (2019 version), for the cylindrical design the dimension of the cylinder the diameter and height are alternatively (10mm * 15 mm), as shown Fig. 1, after printing the PLA scaffold structure, the scaffold is injected with soybean oil resin (the volume of injection was 0.5 ml) then the scaffold is curing for 30 min by using anycubic curing device version (2) from Shenzhen company ltd.
Wang, Smart materials for tissue engineering: applications, Royal Society of Chemistry, London, 2017

Synthesis and Elaboration of Polydimethylsiloxane/Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite Films Nadir BELGROUNE1,a*, Assia BESSI2,b, and Fadia NOUAS2,c 1Physical Chemical Laboratory of Inorganics Materials and their Applications (LPCMIA), University of Saad Dahlab Blida 1 (USDB 1), Soumâa Road PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria 2Laboratory of molecular and macromolecular physical chemistry (LCPMM), University of Saad Dahlab Blida 1 (USDB 1), Soumâa Road PO Box 270, Blida 09000, Algeria abelgroune_nadir@univ-blida.dz, basieadz@yahoo.fr, cfadyanouas@gmail.com Keywords: PDMS/TiO2, Nanocomposite Films, PDMS Polymer, TiO2 Nanoparticles Abstract.
Here, we discuss some of the key properties of PDMS/TiO2 nanocomposite films Overall, the characterization of the TiO2 nanoparticles and PDMS/TiO2 nanocomposite films provided valuable insights into the structure and properties of the nanocomposite material, which is essential for understanding their potential applications.
The TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using various analytical techniques to study their properties and structure.
Wypych, Nanocomposites: synthesis, structure, properties and new application opportunities, Materials Research-Ibero-American Journal of Materials, 12 (2009) 1–39
Benamar, Modeling and FEM simulation using fluid-structures interaction of flexible micro-bridge bending within PDMS micro-channel, IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Electronics ICSE’14 (2014) 495–498

Analysis performed on the extraction of ilmenite minerals with the modified precursors and TiO2 nanoparticles included morphological characterization and particle size by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Thermo Fisher), phase, crystal structure and crystal size analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Malvern Panalytical), and the analysis of the number of dissolved elements of Ti and Fe by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy.
The break of the crystalline structure on the mineral ilmenite begins with a microcrack on the surface of particles resulting in the unsaturated bond between Fe-O and Ti-O in substantial amounts on the surfaces of particles.
According to Eq. 4, a white precipitate in the form of titanil hydroxide will be formed, and heating is applied to evaporate the volatile matter, such as water, and to allow the formation of a dense crystal structure.
The diffraction peak of the TiO2 nanoparticle sample at an angle of 27.01° exhibits a broadening shape from top to bottom, indicating that the sample has low crystallinity or an amorphous structure [30].
Pervukhina, “Crystallographic Analysis of TiO2 Polymorphism (Brookite, Anatase, Rutile),” Journal of Structural Chemistry, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 1783–1789, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1134/S0022476619110118

Currently, waste management is a crucial issue across the globe, green engineering which is the appropriate application of one or more ecological science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring through electronic gadgets, preservation and conservation of available environmental and natural resources and also mitigating against the negative effects of human involvement [19].
Economic Impacts of Green Manufacturing An organization's impact on the economic situation of its stakeholders and the economic structures at the local, national and international level is regarded as the economic impact.
Social Impact of Green Manufacturing Organization social report and success signify the social structure under which a firm works.
Nevertheless, communicating or integrating information that is from different sources is challenging, no to mention the variances in sampling data, data structure, and methods of collecting data[93].
Chiang, “Implementation of green chemistry principles in circular economy system towards sustainable development goals: Challenges and perspectives,” Sci.

In other hand, Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) has a cubic crystal structure known as the fluorite structure.
However, it typically adopts a hexagonal crystal structure known as the wurtzite structure or a cubic crystal structure similar to rock salt.
Research needs in aluminum structure.
Ships and Offshore Structures, 3(1), 57-65
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(48), 20958-20965