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El-Raghy, A.
El-Raghy, M.
El-Raghy, M.
El-Raghy, J.
El-Raghy, A.

Al/Ni/Al and Ti/Ni/Al multi-layers were used to obtain p-type and ntype ohmic contacts after annealing at 1050 ºC in Ar.
The EL imaging was done using the setup described in [4].
Fig. 3 shows an EL image of forward biased diodes from the three samples along with the cofabricated commercial material.
EL imaging was used to correlate defects with device performance and reliability.
ProbeProbeProbe Fig. 7 EL images of diode on sample F under forward bias (left) pre-stress (middle) after 10 sec.

Jansen,et al: Acta Mater.
,Vol.51, (2003),p.789. [3]Z.M.El-Baradie, M.El-Sayed: Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.62,(1996),p.76
[4]E.Di Russo, M.Conserva, F.Gatto, et al: Met.
A.Al-Aql: Mater and Design, Vol,24,(2003),p.547
Field, Hasso Weil, et al: Scripta Materialia, Vol.53,(2005),p.299

Fu et al. [1] indicated that the basin has a circumference of nearly 70 km and a size of 243 km2 above EL. +20m, only next to Taichung Basin.
Table 1 Sequence of excavation for each excavation stage Sequence of excavation Activities 1 1st excavation stage to EL -2.2 m, and installed 1 st level strutting ST1 at EL -1.5 m. 2 2nd excavation stage to EL -5.1 m, and installed 2 nd level strutting ST2 at EL -4.2 m. 3 3rd excavation stage to EL -7.5 m, and installed 3 rd level strutting ST3 at EL -6.6 m. 4 4th excavation stage to EL -9.0 m, and installed 4 th level strutting ST4 at EL -8.1 m. 5 Final excavation stage to EL -11.6 m.
No test was conducted to determine the Young’s modulus E, and therefore the triaxial compression tests and triaxial extension tests conducted by Kung et al. [2] on silty-clay of Taipei were studied to develop the normalized relationship between secant modulus and undrained shear strength for the clay of Taipei.
Wang et al. [3] pointed out that a number of previous tests conducted for Taipei Basin revealed that the normalized undrained initial stiffness modulus of clay was 500 when the strain was below 0.05%.
Looking at Ou et al. [8], the analysis results were close to the lower limit of the empirical value for Taipei Basin, which is δvmax /δhmax =0.5~1.0.

The exact meanings of elE� and irE� , in the context as thermodynamic parameters, have been explicitly defined by Wollants et al [4] as specific quantities over an infinitesimal step of the transformation at any given stage as opposed to global changes over the entire process of the transformation, i.e., they are functions of transformation fraction.
According to these definitions, transformation “equilibrium” conditions (critical temperatures or stresses) can be defined, at 0G� = , as: (0) (0) el ir s H E E M S � � � � � = � (4a) (1) (1) el ir f H E E M S � � � � � = � (4b) (0) (0) el ir f H E E A S � � � + � = � (4c) where the numerals in the parentheses indicate the transformation fractions.
Thus, the transformation interval and the thermal hysteresis can be determined as: ( (1) (0)) ( (1) (0)) M el el ir ir s f E E E E T M M S � � � + � � � � = � = � (5) 2 (0) (0) A M ir f s E A M S � � = � = � or 2 ( ) ( ) A M irE x x S � � = � (6) Eq. 5 states that transformation interval is determined by the differences in elE� and irE� between the start and the finish of the transformation process, instead of any given values of ( )elE x� and ( )irE x� .
The total energy exchange between the system and the ambient during the transformation is a cumulative quantity; thus it is computed as, for a unit quantity of material [6]: 0 0 0 ( ) ( ) x x el ir Hdx T Sdx E x dx E x dx = � � � � � � �

 (7) where 0 ( ) ( ) x el el e x E x dx = �
 and 0 ( ) ( ) x ir ir e x E x dx = �
 (8) are the total elastic energy stored and the total irreversible energy dissipated during 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 Stress (MPa) Temperature (K) annealed at 726 KAfmech Ms mech �f �r �� mech Af th Ms th th Fig. 2.
Furthermore, that (0) 0elE� � implies: 1/ 2 1 (0) ( ) 2 el s f o H E H T M A T S S � � � � = + = < = � � (9) Transformation Hysteresis.

Abdulkadira, Khaled Abou-El-Hosseinb and Muhammad M.
A further study on force by Chen et al
N., Abou-El-Hossein K., Jumare A.
N., Abou-El-Hossein K., Jumare A.
N. , Abou-El-Hossein K. : The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Vol

Zhang et al[10]. reported a WOLED with a maximum luminous efficiency of 9.22 cd/A and a maximum brightness of 8633 cd/m2 by using phosphor sensitized fluorescence.
Finally, a LiF buffer layer and Al cathode were vapor-deposited at a background pressure of 4×10- 4Pa onto the organic films.
Normalized EL spectra of WOLEDs with structures of ITO/NPB(30 nm)/CBP: 10% DPVBi (10 nm)/CBP (5 nm)/CBP:x% Ir(ppy)3 : y% rubrene (20 nm)/ CBP (5 nm)/CBP: 10% DPVBi (10 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Alq(30 nm)/LiF(0.5 nm)/Al.
The device has the maximum brightness of 31770 cd/m2 and the maximum EL efficiency of 11.63 cd/A.
Inset: Normalized EL spectrum of the device In summary, we have fabricated a WOLED based on phosphor sensitized fluorescence utilizing an efficient structure.

Wang et al. [20], proposed a parameter estimation method of the maximum likelihood of the DTM, and Hu et al.[21], established a non ideal DTM solved by a genetic algorithm.
The decision to study these systems is motivated by their high criticality, as indicated in Mahfoudet al [34].
El Barkany, and A.
El Barkany, and A.
El Biyaali, “A Hybrid Decision-Making Model for Maintenance Prioritization in Health Care Systems,” Am.

El Mahdi1,a*, Hamidi Abdul Aziz1,2,b, Salem S.
Twenty crude oil-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from oil-contaminated sites at Al Hariga Oil Terminal and Nafoora Oilfield.
Our results are similar to those of Ismail et al. [13], who showed that Pseudomonas NBHCO4 strain is a biosurfactant producer that degrades 78% of crude oil in 28 d.
S.El-Sayed, A.
M.El Nayal, Y.

Khalil2,b, Ahmed Abd El-Moneim3,c and Mohsen A.
Box 179, New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt 2Basic and Applied Science Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, P.
Box 179, New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt 3Graphene Center of Excellence, Energy and Electronics Applications, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab, 21934, Egypt. 4Materials Science and Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, P.
The values of d33​ and d31 converge to those of pure Barium titanate as similarly reported by Gao et al [13].
Urbanaviciute et al., “Negative piezoelectric effect in an organic supramolecular ferroelectric,” Mater Horiz, vol. 6, no. 8, 2019, doi: 10.1039/c9mh00094a