Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 505-506

Abstract: Urban public transportation is the main effective way to solve the problem of increasingly congested city ground traffic, and public transport priority is the important guarantee to realize the way. Due to the short domestic history, there are problems to be solved in the respects of on the implementation of "public transport priority" in specific operation method, implementation measures and matters needing attention etc. Some oversea cities with high population density and serious traffic congestion have made some exploration in public transport priority development whose experiences are worthy of reference. Tokyo, the typical oversea city, has been selected out by this paper. Analysis has been down on the issue of the experiences and achievement of Tokyo in implementing the public transport priority strategy which is donated by urban rail transit, and experiences are summed up. On the basis of it, some suggestions have been proposed for the implementation of China's large cities public transport priority strategy.

Abstract: This paper deals with the optimization problem of motor train-set in dedicated passenger line, a motor train-set operational model was proposed and maintenance constraint was considered . To solve this model and utilize the motor train-set efficiently, we described a two-step method and the problem was divided into two sub-problems: one is to make sub-routings and another is to combine these sub-routings to new circulations. First step the Hungarian algorithm was used to get circulations of the motor train-set without considering maintenance constraint and the circulations will be divided into several sub-routings by the constraint of maintenance. In order to utilize the motor train-set more balanced, the second step is to combine these sub-routing to new circulations by path exchange rules. This approach was evaluated on the Jing-Hu Passenger Dedicated Line, the computational results show that this new method is feasible and we provide a new idea to solve such problems.

Abstract: In our country, the quantity of non-motorized vehicle are huge, non-motorized vehicles lanes set conditions give a great affect on the utilization of non-motorized vehicles lane, therefore it is necessary to study the relationship between the utilization of non-motorized vehicles lane and various factors affecting, and build relationships model. This article mainly collection a large number of situation non-motorized transport data, and build relationship model between non-motorized vehicles lanes utilization and Factors influencing for some non-motorized vehicles lane based on the analysis of the data, and then validate the model. Studies show that: non-motorized vehicles lanes traffic rate and non-motorized lanes utilization has no correlation; non-motorized vehicles lanes width and non-motorized vehicles lanes utilization comply logarithmic correlation model; non-motorized vehicles lanes traffic density and non-motorized vehicles lanes utilization comply linear correlation model.

Abstract: We present a nonparametric comparative efficiency analysis of urban public transport systems (UPTS) in Shanghai (2004-2012). The UPTS include urban public bus transit system (UPBTS) and urban public rail transit system (UPRTS). We apply data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies of UPBTS and UPRTS over years. We find the performance of UPBTS and UPRTS are good in general but still have a potential scope for improvement. We also quantitatively analyze the reasons for inefficiency of them in some years and provide potential improvements for inefficient units. Moreover, we observe the efficiency of UPBTS is better despite a good development trend in the efficiency of the UPRTS. We demonstrate the UPRTS during the period 2006-2011 works on decreasing returns to scale (DRS), which indicates the authorities should adjust the UPRTS structure and improve the operational services without blindly expanding the levels of inputs. Our work may help in evaluating the possible enhancement of the operations of the UPTS.

Abstract: Transit network design is an important part of urban transportation planning. The purpose of this paper is to design transit network considering transport capacity constraint. The aim of the proposed method is to maximize transport efficiency of network. Transport efficiency and routes impedance are defined based on the road restriction coefficient matrix. The k-shortest paths algorithm is applied to search efficiency route and the highest efficiency route is selected to be laid on the road network. Then, station OD matrix is updated considering station capacity. The model is illustrated with data from Siping city, China and results show that the transport efficiency of transit network is highest and meet the correlative design norms. Therefore, the model got a higher practical value.

Abstract: Urban public transport is the main means of urban resident trip. With the rapid development of national economy, the city size is expanding, and the urban population is becoming larger and larger. However, the development of urban transportation doesnt keep up the pace of development of socio-economic. Traffic jam has become a problem to be urgent solved to some cities. This article selects No.23 bus line in Huaian as studying object, analyzes characteristics of resident trip in Huaian, By referencing the minimum total system cost model, which aims at minimizing the total passenger travel time costs and operating costs, to optimize station distance of No.23 bus line, so can improve bus running efficiency, meet the travel needs of residents better.

Abstract: Necessity of developing green traffic has been proposed when the travel environment is deteriorating, the road traffic is getting more and more congested, the traffic safety problems are highlighted and the urban efficiency is severely impacted. However, among diversified green traffic means, public bicycle is certainly the first choice of urban residents. Therefore, in this paper, with the idea of green traffic, studies were carried out from five aspects, including the construction of bicycle track, setting of bicycle station, building of riding environment, selection of bicycle development model, and improvement of social recognition degree, to explore the development of bicycle traffic system.

Abstract: Based on the study on the bus passenger stations and transportation departments of numerous provinces, the working status of the safety inspection of dangerous goods in China's bus passenger stations is analyzed and the problems in that safety inspection are summarized in this paper. Whats more, work specifications of dangerous goods inspection in the bus passenger station of China are studied and analyzed, and corresponding proposals and measures are proposed.

Abstract: During the 19^th century, European cities witnessed radical reconstructions which were usually necessitated by the remarkable increase in traffic. The existing transport systems were often based more on Gothic period or even earlier. The narrow streets were no longer able to accommodate the increasing frequency of vehicles, which have been even more intensified by the development of railways. The second half of the 19^th century and the period of the beginning of the World War II brought the construction of ring roads based on the layouts of former medieval walls and in big cities then more and more thoroughfares. Along these main avenues, mainly residential houses or parterre intended for services and trade were built, that nowadays form the traditional urban structure. The objects were not usually uniformed in style and in the 19^th century there were mostly eclectic forms of architecture. In the early 20^th century and at the turn of the century then we can meet the Art Nouveau style, Traditionalism, Cubism, Modernism and Functionalism.

Abstract: With todays challenges of global climate change, cities increasingly regard bicycling as a means to promote urban sustainability, liveability, and public health. Copenhagen, which not only was voted as the "Best City of Cyclists 2012", but also as the "Worlds Most Liveable City 2012", is a city of great inspiration. Copenhagen is popular for its current bicycle culture, but China has in fact also had a long history of bicycle use and was in the 1980s known as the "Bicycle Kingdom". Unfortunately, this reputation has foregone as a result of strong economic growth, increased urbanization and expanded city areas leading to rapid motorization and car-dependence. This research will highlight the bicycle development in China and make a comparison of the situation in Copenhagen and thereby to find suitable future suggestions for urban planners and transportation designers for urbanization of China.