Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 55-57

Abstract: In order to evaluate its potential health risk to human settlements, the volatiles of Pinus massoniana biomass which was used indoor, were adsorbed and determined by TD-GC-MS. And the main constituents of volatiles at 40°С were 1,4-methanoazulene,decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-9- methylene-(53.09%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-(11.4%), cyclooctasiloxane, hexadecamethyl-(9.28%), octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9, 11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl- (5.09%), 1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (3.19%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol(2.93%), tricyclo[5.4.0.0 (2,8)] \undec-9-ene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-(2.43%), eucalyptol(2.03%), etc. The main constituents of volatiles at 60°С were 1,4-methanoazulene,decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene-(43.43%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)- (7.34%), 1,6,10-dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3- methylene-(6.63%), 1,4-methanoazulen-9-ol,decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(5.9%), octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9, 11,11,13,13,15,15-hexadecamethyl-(4.24%), 1r-.alpha.-pinene(4.1%), etc. So the Pinus massoniana biomass was safe under 60°С.

Abstract: Pinus has been put into mass production. However, many heat release volatiles would produce air pollution during drying process. Therefore, the heat release behavior of Pinus biomass was studied by TD-GC/MS. The main constituents were at 100°С 1,4-methanoazulene,decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene-(30.6%), 1,4-methanoazulen-9-ol,decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(14.85%), 1,2,4-methenoazulene, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(8.56%), 1r-.alpha.-pinene(7.92%), epiglobulol(4.57%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan- 2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)- (4.33%), caryophyllene oxide(3.37%), etc. And the main constituents at 110°С were 1,4-methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene-(40.31%), 1,4-methanoazulen-9-ol, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(15.35%), .alpha.-pinene(8.88%), bicyclo [2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)- (5.73%), cyclohexane-1,3-dione, 2-allylamin omethylene-5,5-dimethyl-(5.24%), naphthalene, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl) bis[decahydro-(4.83%), spiro[5.5]undec-2-ene,3,7,7-trime thyl-11-methylene-(4.05%), etc. The heat release volatiles of Pinus biomass was safe to people during drying process.

Abstract: Pinus massoniana resources have been used as meidicine for a long time. Therefore, the 120°С volatiles of Pinus massoniana biomass were identified by TD-GC/MS. The main function components of Pinus massoniana Lamb biomass at 120°С were 1,4-methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene-(36.04%), 1,4-methanoazulen-3-ol, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(13.95%), .alpha.-pinene(9.36%), 1,2,4-methenoazulene,decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(5.95%), tricyclo[5.4.0.0(2,8)]undec-9-ene, 52,6,6,9-tetramethyl-(3.74%), caryophyllene oxide(2.9%), tricyclo[5.4.0.0(2,8)]undec-9-ene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-(2.87%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)- (2.82%), p-menth-1-en-8-ol(1.92%), 1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (1.4%), (+)-longicamphenylone(1.39%), eucalyptol(1.21%), etc. It showed that the volatiles of Pinus massoniana Lamb biomass at 120°С had some biohealth function.

Abstract: Pinus massoniana Lamb has been used to heal some specific diseases in the Chinese Folk for a long time. In order to explore the wide utilization in biomedicine and spicery, the chemical components of helium extractives from the fresh wood of Pinus massoniana Lamb was studied by TD-GC/MS. The results showed that the main components were 1,4-Methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene- (29.98%), 1,4-Methanoazulen-9-ol, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl- (10.32%), 1R-.alpha.-Pinene (8.33%), 1,2,4-Methenoazulene, decahydro-1, 5,5,8a-tetramethyl- (4.72%), Borneol (2.99%), Thujopsene (2.80%), 1-Phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde, 7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b, 5,6,7,9,10,10a- dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl- (2.53%), Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1R)- (2.52%), Caryophyllene oxide (2.40%), Tricyclo[5.4.0.0(2,8)]undec-9-ene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl- (2.32%), 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (2.274%), Acetic acid (2.07%), Eucalyptol (1.70%), Eucalyptol (1.70%), Benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy- (1.61%), etc. The analytical result suggested that the helium extractives from the fresh wood of Pinus massoniana Lamb could be used as industrial materials of biomedicines and spicery.

Abstract: In order to evaluate environmental friendly characteristics, the volatiles of Pinus massoniana biomass were adsorbed and determined by TD-GC-MS. And the main constituents of volatiles at 190°С were 1,4-methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene-(30.62%), 1,4-methanoazulen-9-ol, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(10.46%), 1r-.alpha.-pinene(7.44%), 1,6,10-dodecatriene, 7,11-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (e)- (4.88%), tricyclo[5.4.0.0(2,8)]undec-9-ene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-(4.31%), bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7- trimethyl-, (1r)- (3.23%), borneol (3.08%), 1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (2.85%), caryophyllene oxide(2.70%), 1-phenanthrene -carboxaldehyde, 7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydro-1,4a,7- trimethyl- (2.30%), acetic acid(2.22%), etc. So the Pinus biomass was safe at 190°С carbonization.

Abstract: In order to evaluate its potential health risk to human, the volatiles of the dried Pinus biomass were adsorbed and determined by TD-GC-MS. And the main constituents of volatiles at 210°С were 1,4-methanoazulene, decahydro-4,8, 8-trimethyl-9-methylene-(11.75%), acetic acid (6.38%), 1,4-methanoazulen-3-ol, decahydro-1,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-(5.76%), 1r-.alpha.-pinene (5.18%), 1-phenanthrenecarboxaldehyde, 7-et henyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10,10a -dodecahydro- 1,4a,7-trimethyl-(4.78%), 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxym ethyl)- (4.39%), 2-methyliminoperhydro-1,3-oxazine (3.67%), 1,3-benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)- (3.33%), etc. So the dried Pinus biomass had biohealth function.

Abstract: A new method in perturbation theory of electromagnetic fields in metal cavity has been proposed in this paper. When a medium is introduced in metal cavity, the electromagnetic fields and oscillating frequency will be changed. The changed fields can be expanded as the fields of all modes in the original empty metal cavity. The expressions of the fields and the frequency in the various orders of approximation have been derived, that is important for such applications as the precise measurement of high permittivity of microwave materials.

Abstract: For through-the-canopy-ejection-saving system with miniature detonation cord (MDC), screw/seat system has penetrated canopy to successfully escape after the strength of canopy weaken by MDC in the case of emergency. Injury of human head and spine is serious due to striking between aircrew/seat and canopy during the ejection. In the paper, considering MDC installed along all-around of canopy, the initial cut slot is used to model the damage of canopy impacted by detonation wave from MDC. Simplified finite element model of through-the-canopy-ejection-system has been established according to ergonomics. In FEM, canopy as PMMA employs elastic viscoplastic material model combined with continuum damage mechanics, crew is modeled as 50% deformable dummy. FEM is solved using nonlinear dynamics explicit code LS-DYNA3D. Head impact force and dynamic response index (DRI) of spine are obtained, and meet the requirement of nation army standard. Simulation results indicate that MDC installation way is avail to reduce physiology damage of airscrew. It also provides science foundation for safe design and manufacture of through-the-canopy-ejection-system.

Abstract: Ti-TiAl multi-layered materials have been prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition technique. The tensile behavior of samples at room temperature and high temperature was tested, and then the deformation mechanism at different temperature was analyzed according to the fracture surface. The results show that the tensile curves hot-pressed samples have a broad step during the plastic deformation process, and the breaking strain of the sample has been increased for a wide-range. The presence of Ti layers have led to the cracks stagger along the inter-laminar interface or the layer due to which micro laminate expresses a good characteristic of delayed fracture. With the increase of temperature, the bulk modulus and yield strength of multi-layered Ti-TiAl have been increased abnormally due to the anomalous yield strengthening behavior of TiAl intermetallic.

Abstract: Friction force is present in most microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), since they have a large ratio of surface area to their volume. To improve the performance and reliability of MEMS devices, it is necessary to full understand the effect of friction which exists in the majority of MEMS. The model of electrostatic tangential force for MEMS’s moving plates is established based on the rule of energy conservation, further it is revised considering the edge effects by the conformal mapping method for smooth and opening holes plates. Three types of the electrostatic tangential resistance, which are the unrevised theoretical value and revised theoretical value and simulation value, were compared. The effects of microscale and applied voltage and holes are investigated, and the electrostatic tangential resistance between two charged moving plates with respect to each other is analyzed. It is found that the three types of the electrostatic tangential resistance will be increased with the rate of the plate width over the gap of two plates or the applied voltage increasing. And the opening holes did not significantly reduce the value of the electrostatic tangential resistance because of the presence of edge effects. The revised analytic results are larger than the ones not revised, and the former are close to results of ANSYS simulation.