Applied Mechanics and Materials Vols. 675-677

Abstract: The aim of this work was to study Pb accumulation in indoor dust, and health risk of human due to dust exposure. Risk assessment of Pb to human health: Pb is most harmful to human body. The reasons of non-carcinogenic risk in residential area may be that indoor is not swept regularly, in addition, indoor decoration, building materials and other factors may also affect the content of Pb in dust. Non-carcinogenic risk in children is not only more than adults but also beyond the safety threshold. Indoor dust has been a threat to the health of children in Shenyang.

Abstract: According to PM2.5 contamination in residential building, a mathematical model is established about the effect of natural ventilation on PM2.5 pollution control based on calculus method. On the basis of some actual cases, such as indoor smoking and cleaning, indoor PM2.5 concentration is calculated for different air change rate and outdoor air quality. The concept of critical ventilation rate is provided. The conclusion of the paper provides some advice on natural ventilation and indoor life behavior.

Abstract: Removed at authors request due to critical data errors.

Abstract: The paper applied method of case-based reasoning to environmental emergency aid decision-making, and provided a decision-making method based on experience of historical cases to emergency decision-makers. Firstly, a universal method for describing and organizing environmental emergency cases based on three-tier architecture was proposed based on feature analysis of environmental emergency cases. Then a kind of two-layer structure similarity algorithm was designed based on attribute features of environmental emergency cases, which can effectively avoid the defect of traditional Nearest-Neighbor Algorithm. Finally, a CBR prototype system of emergency aid decision-making model was developed and an example of environmental mass incident case was used to testify the practicability of the model. The case example show that the emergency aid decision-making model for environmental emergency based on CBR is applicable in real work.

Abstract: This study aims to analyse the influence of the pollution of hydrogen chloride which is the side effect of the leakage accident of a 50m³ phosphorus trichloride tank. When the leakage source intensity is 1.06kg/s with the leakage time of 30 minutes, and the distance is about 2700m away from the highest allowable concentration (0.05mg/m³) in air of residential areas, which goes beyond about the distance of 700m over the "Comprehensive emission standard of air pollutants" (GB16297-1996) table 2 (100mg/m³, new sources of pollution emission limits), however, the mean value of hydrogen chloride concentration beyond 400m is less than the that of IDLH (immediately dangerous to life or health concentration), and no half lethal concentration (LC50) appears. The scope and extent of pollution can be significantly reduced by timely using fire water to eliminate smoke to change hydrogen chloride into hydrochloric acid fog and make them drop in a lower position.

Abstract: Based on the noise test data of existing workshop, the noise of new packing workshop was studied. The effection of several noise control scheme was predicted by simulation and analysis method, and the control scheme five was chose finally ,by which average noise reduction was about 4.5dB,and 8h equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level of the pick-up coil station and packaging machine station was 84.9dB and 83.2dB respectively, the working environment of the new workshop was effectively improved, and the investment was estimated.

Abstract: The hazardous factors of welding process are analyzed based on the characteristics of ship repairing and building, including falling from high place, objects striking, fire explosion, electric shock, suffocation, burn and harmful substances etc. Through the analysis of the welding operation hazards, finding the hidden danger at work site, it will be efficient to control the happening of welding accidents, reduce the hazard of welding task and promote the safety management level of the ship repairing and building.

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of absorption and purification of indoor formaldehyde by chlorophytum comosum under normal circumstance, chlorophytum comosum is used as the test material and formaldehyde concentration of different closure time is measured by indoor formaldehyde velocimeter. Absorptive capacity of chlorophytum comosum on indoor formaldehyde is analyzed by comparing formaldehyde concentration. The results of experiment show that taking closure time of 24h as an example formaldehyde concentration changes from 0.41 mg/m3 to 0.32 mg/m3 and the removal rate is 21.95% in the room of 15 square meters ,and absorption effect of chlorophytum comosum is good for indoor formaldehyde. Combined with the actual situation chlorophytum comosum can be used in the room place and decorative materials with less formaldehyde content are chosen ,and indoor temperature and humidity remain appropriate to purify indoor formaldehyde by combining with the ventilation method.

Abstract: Multistage sampling method was used to sort all cities, counties and districts in Jilin area, and stratified random convenience was applied to take the samples. According to the number of people in the pre-experiment and the number of questionnaire topics, 700 residents who had lived in the area more than a year were selected. Urban residents in Jilin area could understand the natural disaster-related knowledge and their attention to it should be higher, but their knowledge and behaviors in food hygiene-related knowledge and behaviors in natural disasters were worrying. It is necessary to strengthen the propaganda and education of food hygiene in natural disasters. TV, radio, newspapers and networks are important sources of relevant information and knowledge for the majority of residents. Different means should be taken in the publicity and training of food hygiene-related knowledge in natural disasters according to their education background.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to influence of air pollution on the respiratory health among pre-school children. The cluster sampling method was adopted. Based on the testing results in Jilin City over years, the city was divided into light, medium and heavy pollution area. We selected two nursery schools from each area, all the children in these selected nursery schools are the object in this study. The incidence of cough, sputum and wheezing is 42.9%, 32.1%, 16.1%, 18.5% respectively among pre-school children in Jiln City, it is higher in medium and heavy areas. Staying near the street raises the incidence of respiratory problems. Those children who have the family history asthma and individual allergic constitution are at higher risk of respiratory disease incidence. Ambient air pollution is the influence factor of pre-school children’s respiratory health.