Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to study the impacts of environment on the economic growth of Xi’an. Based on the relevant data from 2000 to 2007, We extended Solow model for calculating the contribution rate of capital, labor and environmental indicators to economic growth. We get the environmental indicators of Xi’an is 43.46% , so it is very important to protect environment. We suggest that emissions-trading system and the deposit repayment system are better ways for Xi’an to solve the environmental problems.

Abstract: The Yangtze River shipping industry has large energy consumption, which is China's key energy saving areas. Energy consumption of support ships occupies high proportion in the Yangtze River shipping industry. According to actual operating condition of the Yangtze River shipping support system, and the situation of energy-saving management, proposed the energy-saving targets for evaluation, and determined targets weight with theories of system engineering, and established the incentive mechanism of energy consumption in accord with energy conservation law and the related energy consumption standard, designs the energy saving assessment form in view of the ships navigation environment. Energy consumption levels can be seen by evaluating the targets.

Abstract: This work investigated the effect of substrates on de-emulsification capability and the growth of a bacillus sp. (screened by our laboratory).The biomass and de-emulsification ratios(DR) of cultures grown in substrate with the different nutrients (glucose, liquid paraffin, NH4NO3 and yeast) were determined. In the orthogonal tests, the significant of de-emulsification capability in turn is glucose>liquid paraffin>yeast>NH4NO3. The glucose is the highest effect of nutrients on de-emulsification capability and growth. The de-emulsification ratios(DR) and the glucose utilization ratios increase simultaneously at log and lag growth phase. Measurements of the liquid paraffin residue indicates that 30.1% liquid paraffin in substrate is consumed and used in inducing the demulsifying compounds production rather than the increase of the biomass. The culture grown in substrate with 2%~5% liquid paraffin exhibits highest de-emulsification ratio(DR). The contents of yeast at 0.8mg/L~1.0mg/L is beneficial to the growth and demulsifying compound production.

Abstract: The forestry carbon sequestration transaction (FCST) needs the guide of the law and policy. The subjects of FCST include buyers and sellers; the object is forestry carbon sequestration and the third party mainly includes brokers and measurement certification authorities. The effective elements of FCST legal behaviors need four main aspects. The establishment and regulation of legal systems includes transactional prices, three kinds of performing modes transaction, the benefit distribution of subjects, the mode of bearing legal reasonability and the trade dispute means.

Abstract: Environment settlements should be noted in the city tunnel construction, especially on the Yangtze embankment. Wuhan Yangtze River tunnel is the first one in the world third long river, and the embankment settlements is engineering significant to Wuhan, a city with 9 million people. The Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel is introduced, and the settlements induced by the shield tunnel are investigated. The tunnel, the soil and the embankment are numerical simulated in FEM model. The settlements of the foundation surface are calculated with difference shield face positions, and engineering advices are obtained based on the calculation.

Abstract: The objective of this research was to develop a new composite material/system in structural civil engineering. To use of mechanical properties of bamboo-based panel and cold-formed steel, this study composite two kind of materials above-mentioned together utilizing structural adhesives. The research developed various of bamboo/steel composite members, such as composite slabs, composite walls, composite beams and composite columns. And the paper emphasized mechanical performance of bamboo/steel composite slabs and composite beams. Experimental studies on flexural behavior of 6 composite slabs and 9 composite beams were carried out and the failure process, failure modes and failure mechanism were investigated. Experiment results indicates that the bamboo plywood and cold-formed steel can form an excellent composite cross-section; Load vs. mid-span deflection curves of composite slabs and composite beams show linear on serviceability limit state. The maximum ultimate strength of composite slabs and beams have reached 30.0 kN•m and 36.13 kN•m respectively. The study shows that bamboo-steel composite members have good prospects in building structures of China.

Abstract: To improve the implementation efficiency of environmental policies, the paper put forward a dynamic supervision method based on Markov chain and fuzzy control. With Markov chain the enterprises’ Emission behavior can be forecasted. And with fuzzy control model, analyze the current emissions behavior and the recent changes in the emissions records. Combined the two results, Supervisors decide their dynamic environment supervision track. The sample analyses show that the method is practical.

Abstract: Environment settlements always occur while tunnel constructs in cities, which may cause ground collapse and building damage. It is engineering significant to analyze the key factors in the tunnel construction for an acceptable environment settlements value. The Rough Sets and the settlements induced by the tunnel construction were reviewed, and 22 engineering samples were investigated on the 9 condition attributes to 1 decision attribute. The significant degrees of the 9 condition attributes are normalized, and the importance of the condition attributes is obtained based on the normalized value. The results offer a method to extract the key factors on environment settlements in tunnel construction based on Rough Sets.

Abstract: Water resources are the foundation that mankind depends on for his existence and development. In order to realize the sustainable development of the society and economy, we must give more consideration to the comprehensive evaluation about regional water utilization level. The method of Set Pair Analysis (SPA) is used to study the relationship between certainty and uncertainty among the objective things and its core is to compute the connection degree among the things. The paper puts forward a new method based on SPA to build the evaluation standards according to the actual conditions of regional water utilization. Employing this new method, the paper studies the water utilization level of the area along the lower Yellow River quantitatively, and compares the evaluated results with the results from multi-hierarchy grey relation comprehensive evaluation model (MGRCEM). The comparison shows that the overall results from the SPA method are consistent with those from MGRCEM. Moreover, the SPA method has many advantages such as convenient and simple computation, objective and reasonable evaluation results and so on. The applied method can serve as a new approach for water utilization studies, and the evaluation standards built in the paper can solve some evaluation problems of regional water utilization level effectively.

Abstract: Raw water in the Nanchang district of Ganjiang River and water after conventional treatment were estimated by the method of the ultra filtration to find out its molecular weight distribution. According to the result, the molecular weight distribution of the raw water in Ganjiang River shows the trend which has the large edges and small middle part, that is to say; the organic matter mainly centralizes in a scope whose molecular weight are larger than 30ku and less than 1ku, the middle part occupies a relatively small proportion. In winter low-water season, there is little organic matter in the river and the small molecular of the organic matter plays a dominant role. In the season of high-water, the amount of organic matter increases, and while the small molecular of organic matter decreases and large molecular of organic matter becomes a large part. The popular water purifying process in Nan Chang city is just to mainly remove the large molecular in the organic matter, which leads to a bad result，the low efficiency of removing the small molecular.