Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: The oil-water of alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding separation in Daqing oil field is difficult, which result in excessive oil in waste water. Aiming at this problem, the oil remover QP888 was used in the pilot experiment. The addition dosage and technologic operating parameters were gained. The research indicated that when the stirring intensity, stirring time, addition dosage, inflow and outflow, adsorbing time were 130 rpm, more than 6 min, 75 mg•L-1, 50-240 L•h-1 and 15 min respectively, the oil content of waste water was reduced from 125-156 mg•L-1 to less than 50 mg•L-1 which met to the influent water standard of filter equipment by using absorbing tank in continuous running. The technology adding oil remover and stirring was feasible under the water quality at present. The waste water treatment handling cost was less than 4.83 ￥•m-3 and could be reduced in production.

Abstract: In this paper, the shrub windbreak and sand-fixing sand barrier of Bairin Youqi in Chifeng in the east of Horqin Sandy Land is the research object, three different types of plant barriers including hedysarum laeve grid sand barrier, Salix gordejevii and hedysarum laeve grid sand barrier and caragana and hedysarum laeve patch sand barrier are respectively selected, and the shifting sandy land is selected as a contrast at the same time to study its influence on the soil moisture of sandy land in the method of field locating observation method from early May to late September of 2005. Except for the contrasted sandy land, the monthly average soil moisture in each layer of plant sand barrier presents a fluctuation trend. The monthly change trend of soil moisture in the 10~20cm soil layer of hedysarum laeve grid sand barrier is the same as that of caragana and hedysarum laeve patch sand barrier. The soil moisture in 20~40cm soil layer of the three plant barriers in every month shows a big change, with the fluctuation range larger than the contrasted sandy land. The 20~60 cm soil layer is the area where the roots of sand barrier plant are centralized, therefore, the soil moisture in the root intensive area is reduced. The monthly change trend of soil moisture in 60~80cm soil layer of hedysarum laeve grid sand barrier, caragana and hedysarum laeve patch sand barrier is the same as that of the contrasted sandy land. The monthly change trend of soil moisture in the 80~100 soil layers is basically same. The minimum value of monthly average soil moisture of all kinds of plant sand barriers appears when the contrasted sandy land is 1.40%, and the maximum value appears when caragana and hedysarum laeve patch sand barrier is 4.79%, 3.4 times higher than the contrasted sandy land. The annual dynamic condition of soil moisture can be divided into: consumption period from April to June, supply period from July to August, stable period in September, which shows that the plant sand barrier is favorable for increasing the soil moisture.

Abstract: The hydraulic residence time (HRT) is a key parameter affecting the water treatment process, concerning water quality guarantee, short HRT will shrink capacity of structure, in order to reduce capital construction fee and operation cost. Filtration experiments using a bench-scale immersed membrane separation system combined with a high dose of PAC (powdered activated carbon) were conducted in order to investigate the effect for organic matters, pesticides and ammonia-nitrogen, and choose the optimal hydraulic retention time. The experiments were carried out under such operation conditions as a filtration rate of 0.5m/d, water temperature of 20°C. Synthetic water was used as the source water; the average influent concentrations of TOC (total organic carbon), and NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen) were 7.8mg/l, 6.8mg/l, respectively，201μg/L for THMFP and 201μg/L for Nitrobenzene. The results illustrated that, when HRT reduced from 3h to 1h, the removal rate of TOC, UV254 decreased a little, so did ammonia-nitrogen. But it had little effect on THMFP and nitrobenzene. When HRT was 1 hour, the average removal rate of TOC was 75%, 92% for ammonia-nitrogen, 97.5% for nitrobenzene and 75% for THMFP, which was all less than that of GB5749-2006 and that’s the optimal hydraulic retention time.

Abstract: The affiliated hospital of Guiyang Medical University was the first organization using the application of sewage heat pump system to cool and heat. After its emergency building took the new sewage heat pump to replace the original geothermal heat pump, there was obvious effect on the energy saving. Compared with the previous year in which the sewage heat pump was not improved, the new sewage heat pump not only reduced the cooling and heating energy consumption costs, but also substantially reduced emissions of air pollutants. The new sewage heat pump played a very good example in the application of clean energy, and it is of great significance on the recycling economy and environmental protection.

Abstract: Comminution is a key part of the reutilization of discarded circuit board. In order to find out the most appropriate method of crushing, the characteristics of the materials and the mechanical properties of resistance impact of discarded circuit boards were studied. The substrate of circuit boards, slots of ISA and PCI were adopted as the specimen. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize and analyze the combined state of the fracturing materials on the specimen surfaces after comminution. Results showed that the metals and nonmetals in the slots were crushed and dissociated easily.At the same time, the metal and nonmetal combined interfaces in the substrate have a trend to be broken and separated under the impact effect, which means the crushing circuit board has a favorable break effect under impact load.

Abstract: Jar-test experiments were performed to investigate the effectiveness of enhanced coagulation in organic removal from Huangpu river water. The results show that，For Huangpu river water, the suitable type of coagulant is ferrous chloride; the optimal pH for the removal of organics is 5.5, and the dose of FeCl3 is 30mg•L-1, at which the removal effect of the DOC ,UV254 are 42% ,56% and 60% respectively; As a matter of fact, ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate have similar removal effect to organics at ambient pH, while can gain higher efficiency at pH 5.5, (higher 12% DOC and 20% UV254), we can conclude that the main mechanism for coagulation to remove organics is the reactions between coagulants hydrolysis species and organics; Seen from the result of UV scan, the enhanced coagulation remove mainly the organics which can be adsorbed by the UV whose wavelength higher than 250 nm, which is mainly aromatic compounds and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Enhanced coagulation can reduce the chlorine demand of the raw water effectively, for it can remove the organics which can adsorbed by the UV at 272nm.

Abstract: In this experiment, brown sugar was chosen as the substrate of continuous operation. A lab-scale expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor was employed. Stable ethanol-type fermentation was formed by controlling the organic loading rate (OLR). The results showed a maximum hydrogen production rate of 5.73L / L reactor•d was achieved, under the condition that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) = 2h, OLR = 97.2kg COD/m3 reactor•d. The average hydrogen content in the biogas during the 73-day operation was 41.27%.

Abstract: A two stage bioreactor was employed in bioremediation study of laboratory simulated brewery wastewater. Two weeks anaerobic dark incubation of the artificial brewery wastewater without external seeding resulted in an effluent with 138mgl-1VFA; the chemical oxygen demand decreased from 10,000 to 7,814mgl-1 total nitrogen and total phosphorus recorded 18.63 and 18.95% reductions. Further treatment of the anaerobic effluent with a photobacterium named Z08, reduced both the pollutants (COD, TN, TP) and high energy molecules (VFA) significantly by 36.8, 67.5, 27.0, and 60% respectively. Addition of 200mgl-1 NH2-CO-NH2 to the effluent yielded the best result, reducing COD, TN, TP and VFA by 67.5, 68.9, 34.2 and 82%.

Abstract: In order to build the rural ecological civilization, and promote the building of a new socialist countryside, we must attach importance to rural environmental protection. By analyzing the water pollution, soil pollution and solid waste pollution situation in the new countryside construction progress, this paper indicate that three major reasons of the rural ecological environment multiple pollution are pollution-intensive industries rapiddly transferring to rural, excessive use of chemicals and unreasonable use of land, and finally conclude ecological and environmental protection measures: improve the rural ecological environmental protection policies, regulations and standards system; strengthen the government's role in the management of the ecological environment; establish a sound environmental management system in rural areas; and increase environmental publicity, education and training efforts.

Abstract: This paper takes plantation pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv. as study object, determines main anatomical factors influencing wood dyeing effects by measuring the related indexes of wood anatomical structure and dyeing effects, making a multiple regression analysis of them and analyzing the correlation variation law between wood anatomical structure and dyeing effects. The results show that there is a high correlation between pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv. dyeing effects and wood anatomical factors and the multiple correlation coefficients between anatomical factors and various dyeing effect indexes are between 0.573 and 0.786. The main anatomical factors influencing pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica litv.dyeing effects are tracheid proportion, wood ray proportion, resin canal proportion and late wood tracheid length, etc.