Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: Unsuitable development of wetland area will cause serious environmental problems. Thus, wetland development and environmental protection has become an issue of national emphasis for the environmental management in the world. There is a demand for planning and decision strategies in this complex area. Because of the complexity and the enormous amount of relevant data, the decision makers need effective support for their decisions. The use of a knowledge-based approach is a solution for reducing this complexity. Accordingly, this study adopts knowledge management techniques and information technology to acquire and retain all kind of knowledge needed for the decision making process, and discusses the development of knowledge-based environmental information system promote the sustainable development wetland. The aim of this paper is to develop knowledge base system integrate with the existing information database and improve the knowledge base associated with environmental decision processes to help the sustainable development of wetland.

Abstract: In order to protect and improve the agricultural environment that has been fragile in our country and to make for sustainable development in agriculture，the paper, using induction and synthesis method, describes in detail the problems existing in agro-eco-environment legislation and analyzes concretely the causes. Besides，legislation advice on our ecological agricultural environment has also been put forward, providing legislation reference for further perfecting environment resources law, and has definite operability in practice.

Abstract: Produced water from polymer flooding (PWfPF) in oilfield is high contents of crude oil, total suspension substance (TSS), hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and salinity. Most existing traditional processes in China are incapable to treat PWfPF to meet the reinjection water quality for low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. In the present paper, a hydrophilized tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with a total active area of 110 m2 manufactured by our laboratory was used for ultrafiltration of the PWfPF. The temperature and volume reduction factor (VRF) of the PWfPF were fixed at 37 °C and 4, respectively. The influences of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and crossflow velocity on the membrane flux were investigated. The experimental results showed that a TMP of 0.20 MPa and crossflow velocity of 4.5 m/s were the optimum operation conditions. Under the above conditions, long-term filtration experiments were conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of the membrane. The obtained results revealed that the membrane average flux could reach 75 L/(m2•h) and the flux recovery was more than 95%. In the permeate, the content of crude oil and turbidity were respectively lower than 1 mg/L and 1 NTU, while the TSS was consistently below detection limits (2.5 mg/L), all of which reached the highest reinjection criteria for oilfield in China and demonstrated that the membrane has a good anti-fouling characteristics to PWfPF.

Abstract: Dyeing experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dyeing concentration, Penetrant concentration, ash concentration, salt concentration, dyeing temperature and dyeing time, Fixing time, liquor ratio on surface coloration of Pinus sylvest var. mongolica as test material and reactive brilliant red X-3B as reagents. Color difference was measured by amulti-lightsource spectrophotometer, and results showed that dye concentration for the effects of color difference was monotonous relationship, and the other the impact of changed in both convex and concave, and finally to determined the optimal color for the dyeing process: dyeing concentration1%, Penetrant concentration0.1%, ash concentration, 2.5% salt concentration1.5%, dyeing temperature85°C and dyeing time60min, Fixing time40min, liquor ratio17:1.

Abstract: The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was applied to evaluation of groundwater quality .According to the measured data, the Brewery, Small North Castle and Weft Plant in the southeast of Handan were selected as the sampling points. Then with the actual situation, 13 kinds of evaluation factors including pH, total hardness, sulfate, chloride, volatile phenols, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia nitrogen, fluoride, cyanide, Hg, As, Cr (hexa-valend) were chosen to evaluate groundwater quality. From the aspects of weight and fuzzy matrix computing, the whole process of application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was introduced into groundwater quality evaluation in this paper.

Abstract: The membrane fouling behaviors and fouling mechanism of filamentous bulking sludge in membrane bioreactor (MBR) have been reported in recent studies. However, few studies have been conducted towards the causes and control of filamentous bulking sludge in MBR. In order to make clear the conditions of filamentous bacteria overgrowth in MBR, the impact of DO and organic loading rate on filamentous growth and its characteristics were investigated in this paper. The results showed that overgrowth of filamentous bacteria occurred under a relatively high substrate concentration (organic loading rate was 0.61 KgCOD/(KgMLSS•d), and DO was above 2 mg/L) in MBR. Nutrient removal effect can not be deteriorated under filamentous bulking sludge, with average 95, 57 and 92% removal efficiencies of COD, TN and TP respectively. The particle size of filamentous sludge was larger than that of normal sludge and the filamentous bacteria produced more SMP and EPS than floc forming bacteria.

Abstract: In order to increase the prediction precision, this article proposes a forecasting model in water pollution density based on data mining technology. The model consists of three stages: first, the rough set theory and the genetic algorithm are applied to select relevant forecasting variable to the water pollution density; second, training pattern of artificial neural network which is similar to the forecast term is carried out by using data mining technology; finally the artificial neural network is used to carry on forecasting the water pollution density. The applied result shows that this model has a higher precision and surpasses gray GM (1, 1) and the pure BP artificial neural network model.

Abstract: In order to study the pollutants removal effect, the reactor operating conditions were studied with Biological Aerated Filter　(BAF)　process. The results showed that when HRT was at 8h, the effluent COD and ammonia nitrogen were 37 mg/L and 8.6 mg/L with the aeration flow was 0.3 m3/h, the effluent COD and ammonia nitrogen were 53 mg/L and 12.2 mg/L respectively. And the range of effluent pH is at 6.0-8.8. Furthermore the effluent COD was stable, while the effluent ammonia nitrogen will gradually affect by aeration flow. So the BAF process for residential sewage treatment is feasible.

Abstract: In order to investigate the mechanical properties of cementitious composites (ECC) cured at 60°C, four-point bending test and compressive strength test are employed to analyze the effect of fly ash on the properties of ECC. The replacement ratio of cement with fly ash is 50%, 70% and 80%, respectively. The test results indicate that ECC with high volume fly ash still remain the characteristic of pseudo-strain hardening and the deflection of ECC increases remarkably by adding more fly ash. The observations of ECC indicate that the crack width is relatively smaller for higher volume fly ash ECC. Meanwhile, compressive strength of ECC specimens with 80% fly ash can reach to 70MPa. This is helpful to produce precast ECC with high volume of fly ash.

Abstract: The continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is used for the experimental device. We discuss that the succession of climax community of the ecosystem according to composition of terminal liquid products and gas products, and the effect of the change of ‘causing factor’—organic loading rate(OLR) on the structure of microbial communities in the CSTR system, and the feedback regulation among the ‘following factors’( pH value, ORP value) and structure of microbial community. The community succession law restricted by OLR was studied from the angle of community dynamic: when OLR increases from 14 kg/m3•d to 20 kg/m3•d, the content of ethanol and acetic acid increased to about 60% ～ 80% of total terminal liquid products; hydrogen is started to product at the 18th day and stabilized at about 5 L/d gradually ,the maximum was 6.155L/d; the pH value and ORP value are 4.0～4.3 and -370～-400mv stable respectively, which indicated that ethanol-type fermentation microbial community replaced mixed acid fermentation microbial community.