Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: To achieve high value-added utilization, vinasse was chosen as raw material for l-lactic acid production. Alkali methods, microwave were used to treat vinasse and the optimum parameters during the process were investigated. The results showed that the best pretreatment way was the combination of alkali concentration of 8% and microwave power 700W, corresponding maximum lactic acid concentration was 17.5g/L, higher than those of the independent method utilized, the fermentation time could be one day earlier than other methods. The conversion rate of preprocessed vinasse to L-lactic acid and utilization rate of cellulose and hemi-cellulose could reach 23.8% and 71%, respectively. The optimized pretreatment could effectively realize hydrolysis of vinasse and make it an ideal sources for further utilization.

Abstract: The adsorbability of the wool with three different treatment ways were studied in this paper. The effects of different factors including pH from 2.0 to 4.5, time from 4h to 24h, temperature from 20°C to 40°C, concentration of Cr（III）from 0.343 g/L to 2.185g/L were investigated by single factor and static experiment. The adsorption of Cr（III）includes chemical and physical processes, the wool of WAW mainly depends on physical adsorption, the wool of SKW and the wool of SWW are mainly suported by chemical adsorption. The results showed that each step of treatment to wool can increases its adsorption capacity obviously and the maximum absorption capacity of swelling wool, degreased wool, washed wool reached 13.4 mg/g, 9.76 mg/g, 4.22 mg/g respectively under pH4.5, 30°C, the concentration of Cr（III） 2.185g/L conditions absorb 12h. The wool will be a promissing biomass adsorbtion meatrials.

Abstract: Cleaner production is an efficient way to reduce the consumption of energy and environment pollution for electric power industry. But how to evaluate the performance of cleaner production is an inportant problem. In this paper, the performance evaluation index system of thermal power plants cleaner production is set up. Then we propose the intuitionistic fuzzy set group decision making methods to evaluate the performance of cleaner production of thermal power plants. At last we use an example to illustrate the efficiency of the methods.

Abstract: “aged” biofilter media was adopted as the inoculum to accelerate the maturation of biofilter for iron and manganese removal in the start-up of filter column. morphology of “aged” biofilter media and new quartz sand was observed with SEM. The results indicate that the “aged” biofilter media coated by a large quantity of bacteria which reduces the start-up time to 30 daysand affords strong Mn-removal efficiency at the beginning of the process. This method probably can be used for the start-up of new filters when there are well-established biofilters around.

Abstract: In order to simulate and real-time monitor the abrupt air pollution dispersion, we built a web environment information system (Web-EIS). Firstly, we chose Gaussian model to simulate the dispersion of air pollution. Secondly, the coordinate transformation from GPS system to Web map system was calculated. Thirdly, we used corresponding lines to indicate the densities of pollutants. Finally, an air pollution accident case was studied to verify the modeling algorithm and the system’s usability.

Abstract: In order to verify the transcription factor CBF2 gene can be induced to express in plant and improve the plant salt resistance, they were cloned from the Arabidopsis thaliana by PCR according to CBF2 gene sequence published on GenBank. The plant expression vector (pBI-rd29A-CBF2) with CBF2 gene was constructed. The CBF2 gene was transformed into soybean plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. It approved that the CBF2 gene had been transformed and integrated into the genome of soybean by PCR and Southern blot. Through the physiological test of salt resistance, the relative electric conductivity of the transformed plants plasma membrane and the control were 36.84% and 59.35% respectively under salt stress. The content of chlorophyll of the transformed plants was 2.41 times as much as that of the control. The content of proline of the transformed plants was 2.49 times as much as that of the control. It showed that the CBF2 gene was induced to express in soybean plants. And it also indicated that the expression of the CBF2 gene increased the salt stress tolerance of the transgenic soybean plants. The results proved the CBF2 gene were functional gene.

Abstract: 12 kinds of vegetables were determined the content of mercury, arsenic and plumbum by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results of 12 kinds of leafy vegetables, root vegetables and vegetables eggplant were compared with national standards. The results showed that the content of vegetables in all determined vegetables were accord with national standards. The content of mercury in celery, carrots and radish were all light disqualification, they were higher 0.003mg/kg, 0.002 mg / kg and 0.002 mg/kg than national standards, respectively. Most of contents of plumbum in vegetable were higher than national standards. Leafy vegetables were higher than root vegetables and root vegetables were higher than vegetables eggplant. The highest was the leek, which was 0.808 mg/kg, higher 0.608 mg/kg than national standards.

Abstract: Fertilization is one of the essential managements to maintain and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) level in agroecosystems. It has been realized that fertilizer applications influenced the turnover of labile and refractory organic carbon pools in arable soil markedly. However, the dynamic of relatively refractory lignin in response to fertilization is still kept unclear. Therefore, the impact of long-term organic fertilization on the content and degradation degree of lignin in Mollisol was investigated. Lignin monomers were released by alkaline CuO oxidation method and quantified by gas chromatography (GC). At the time scale of decades, lignin was clearly accumulated in soil and the relative accumulation of lignin in SOC was evident after long-term organic fertilizer application. Compared with the unfertilized soil, lower acid to aldehyde ratios of vanillyl and syringyl units induced by organic fertilization suggested a lower degradation degree of lignin incorporated into soil to some extent. It could be concluded that long-term organic fertilization was an effective fertilizer practice for lignin accumulation in soil and SOC sequestration in Mollisol in northeast of China.

Abstract: Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has gradually developed in China while several problems still exist in the ecological environment protection implementation as the obstacles. This paper summarized the regular EIA process of China and picked up the stakeholders basis of case analyzing. A multi-stage and dynamic incomplete information game model was established to investigate the interactions among government, enterprises and EIA organizations and explain strategy selection of EIA participants according to perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory and scenario analysis. Furthermore, a suggestion was proposed to improve effectiveness of EIA system in China after discussing the present demerit. Results showed that in a short term, government and enterprises tended to choose evading EIA for their private benefits. But in a long run, they would be willing to take EIA because environmental deterioration would seriously affect their economic benefits. Thus they had to pursuit social benefits firstly instead. The public played a silent role as a victim in EIA system of China currently, caused by present beneficial balance of government, enterprises and EIA organizations. Some countermeasures must be brought out to develop the public participation regulation in the management system in order to break that balance and improve the effectiveness of EIA.

Abstract: In order to treat acid mine drainage with low-level uranium(AMDU), this paper considers 721 mine, located in Jiangxi province, as an example. So the permeable reactive barriers(PRBs) was been experimented as a new method for treatment AMDU. The results showed that the effects of removal of uranium are obvious and can meet radioactive wastewater discharged standard, and acidity meets guide standard. Moreover, the rock-water interaction mechanism between uranium and media of PRBs has been studied.