Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: Water eutrophication has become one of the most serious problems in Chaohu Lake problem in recent years, and understanding the mechanisms of water eutrophication in Western Chaohu Lake will help for prevention and remediation of water eutrophication. In this paper, we selected 6 routine sampling sites in the water area of Chaohu Lake. TP, TN, CODMn and Chl-a are chosen to describe the eutrophication of the Study area. The influencing factors and major mechanisms of water eutrophication were discussed. The reasons of eutrophication changes in Western Chaohu Lake are very complicated; consist of the suitable natural condition, the built of Yuxi Gate, the deteriorated watershed ecological environment and a great amount of pollutants discharged. The treatment and control of the industrial and domestic wastewater from Hefei City are essential to the treatment. More attention should be paid to the treatment of non-point pollution.

Abstract: We analyzed characteristics and concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions based on fixed routine collection of atmospheric particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) samples in Harbin during August 2008 and May 2009. The samplers we sampling is produced by Wuhan Tianhong Intelligent Instrument, we analyzed the water-soluble inorganic ions by using Ion Chromatographic (IC, DX120, Diana, USA) and Indicative Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES, Model 5300, Perkin Elmer, USA). The research showed that: SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ were the top three concentrated of the water-soluble inorganic ions ,the average concentrations were 10.3 μg/m3, 5.8 μg/m3, 8.2 μg/m3 respectively during sampling. Ca2+ was higher in the particulate > 2.5μm, while SO42- and NH4+ were higher in the particulate < 2.5μm, the correlation analysis inferred that the main form of SO42- in atmospheric particle was ammonium sulfate.

Abstract: Photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) have various applications but the culture cost is very expensive. To find an efficient and economic culture medium the effects of yeast extract, C/N ratio, and trace elements on the growth of PSB were studied. The results showed that the optimal condition for PSB growth was: yeast extract of 100mg/l, C/N of 12:1, and trace elements (in mol/L): Mn2 + (0.009), Fe3+ (0.0025), Co2+ (0.0024), Cu2 + (0.0024), and Zn2 + (0.0033). Trace element lack could affect the growth of PSB. The order was Mn2 +> Fe3 +> Co2+> Cu2 +> Zn2 +. The improved medium was named HCH, and the optimum medium components were (in g/l) DL-malic acid: (4), MgSO4: (0.12), (NH4)2 SO4: (1), CaCl2: (0.075), KH2PO4: (0.5), K2HPO4: (0.3), Na2EDTA: (0.02), yeast extract : (0.1), trace elements 1ml (in mol/l ): Fe3+: (0.0025), Mn2+: (0.009), Zn2+: (0.0033), Co2+: (0.0024), pH:6.8. Comparing with the traditional RCVBN medium, in HCH medium yield of PSB increased 1.2 times and the cost decreased 19.8 times.

Abstract: The environmental social subjects relationship are benefit relations among the environmental social social subjects, the occurrence of the environmental right infringement are main manifestation of the unbalanced environmental relations. The exacerbation of environmental pollution in the Chinese countryside is mainly rooted in its unbalanced environmental relations. The environmental pollution process is a gaming process among the environmental social subjects. The gaming among Chinese rural environmental subjects has many characteristics.

Abstract: The urban artificial wetland is an important component of an urban green space system, and the adoption of quantitative method for studying the evaluation of urban wetland landscape proposal is of great significance to promote the construction of urban artificial wetland. In this study, the evaluation system of urban artificial wetland landscape proposal was established by selecting 6 indicators such as technology, bio-diversity, landscape function, maintenance, construction cost and artistic effect, and adopting the methods of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), and empirical evaluations of 30 urban artificial wetland landscape proposals have been conducted to verify the feasibility of the model. The results showed that: AHP-TOPSIS model was applied to the evaluation of urban artificial wetland landscape proposal with a good differentiation degree, which can be used for a comprehensive, reasonable and accurate assessment on the comprehensive quality of an urban artificial wetland landscape proposal as a simple and effective evaluation method. This method also can be applied to evaluation and classification on landscape proposals of other types of green space.

Abstract: In order to process and preserve vegetables by High Pressure Processing (HPP), the texture and tissue of celery processed by HPP was studied in this paper. HPP is gaining in popularity with the world food industry. However, processing and preservation of vegetables by HPP is an advanced technology. In this study, ten celery samples had been treated at the diverse pressure for different time respectively. Furthermore, the slices of the samples before and after HPP had been made and observed by microscope. Although little celery juice effused at ultra high pressure (600 MPa) for 5 min or at 400 MPa for longer time (more than 20 min), the comprehensive observations and analyses showed that in general the texture and tissue of celery could not be damaged by high pressure. The conclusion is that processing celery at 600 MPa for 5 min is the practicable technology.

Abstract: In order to back Low-Carbon Cities Plan, China’s urban renewal and the protection of traditional neighborhoods, and after literature searching and site survey, spatial evolution and site inspection in Huilongwo area, the authors point out that we should combine modern eco-technological methods such as solar energy application, reclaimed water system, ground source heat pump, solar energy application and so on with the protective measures of historical neighborhoods, and improving the living facilities of the Historic District. Only implant the modern ecological system into the historic context conservation, the city could be reaching the “sustainable development”. It’s a sound sample of urbanization in China.

Abstract: In this study, batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the biosorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions by the invasive alien plant Iva Xanthifolia Nutt (IXN) biomass as adsorbent. Parameters effects such as contact time, pH, initial metal ions concentration, and biomass concentration on the biosorption process were studied. The Langmuir biosorption isotherm was applied to correlate the equilibrium data and fitted quite well. The maximum biosorption capacities for two metal ions were 30.35 mg Cd2+/g and 39.68 mg Pb2+/g, respectively. XRD studies combined with FTIR spectroscopy have also been investigated to represent the biosorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (H0), entropy change (S0) and free energy change (G0) were calculated for predicting the nature of biosorption. This study proved that the invasive alien plant IXN can be used as an effective, low-cost and abundant absorbent for the treatment of Cd2+ and Pb2+ containing wastewater.

Abstract: The biomass cushioning packaging materials was prepared using sunflower stalk pith residue as raw materials. The systemic researches of the material performances were conducted by comparing the foamed polystyrene (EPS) materials according to A method of GB/T8618-1987 static compression test of the comparative study of cushioning performance. Using the material density, the adhesive selection and the foam agent modification as main factors, and the cushioning properties as index, the molding process was optimized. Meanwhile the mechanical properties were also investigated. The results showed that the material, with minimum cushioning coefficient of 3.6 and maximum modulus of rupture (MOR) of 12.56 Mpa, exhibited excellent performance of protecting, which could substitute the petrochemical products as a new type biomass cushioning packaging materials.

Abstract: The filter media from iron and manganese biological removal filter which w- as replaced by new termly can be re-used. The sand filter media was characterized u- sing the SEM and owns developed interspaces. Drying the sand filter media at 110°C, then inspect and analyse its character and mode of defluoridation。The results show as follows. Under the test condition ,the adsorption balance can come out in about 3 hou-rs , the fluoride sorption on the re-used matured filter media followed pseudo-second kinetics. The effect of defluoridation by the matured filter media will be better within the range of pH 3~7, and best at about pH 4.58. The primary mode of fluoride sorpti- on is chemism, but physical sorption is also in existence , and the adsorption isother- ms could be described by Langmuir equation. Contact-time is a vary important factor in the continuous-flow column experiment. The effect of fluoride removal is long，as the height of filter column is controlled as 40cm.The filter media from iron and manga- nese biological removal filter possess potential of perfect sorbent, space for deeply study and foreground of practical application.