Advanced Materials Research Vols. 113-116

Abstract: In this paper, One-step pyrolysis process for the recovery of mercury and zinc from spent zinc–manganese batteries is proposed. Laboratory tests were performed to remove mercury and zinc from spent batteries and recover them. Correctitude test were used to analyze the effect of three factors: temperature, weight and time on the removing and recovery efficiency of zinc. In this research, temperature is dominant factor, weight and time are subordinate. After removing mercury, higher temperature could assure the removing efficiency of mercury above 99.9% at the same time of removing zinc. Under 0.02 MPa, efficiency of removing and recycling of zinc were investigated. The removing efficiency is 94.2% at 950 °C and 96.2% at 1000 °C. When the heated time is 1.5 h, the removing efficiency is 95.6%, which reach the aim 95.0%. With the increase of sample weight, the necessary heated time could be kept within 2.5 h without the loss of removing efficiency. The recycling efficiency of zinc could approach 75%. The content of zinc is above 99.0% in condensed zinc product. After being treated, the residue mass is about 40% of sample.

Abstract: According to the properties of bioleaching solutions of printed circuit boards (PCBs), copper(Ⅱ) in the leaching solution were recovery by solvent extraction with N902 and RE609. The influence of equilibration time，extractant concentration，O/A ratios，pH value on copper(Ⅱ) extraction and sulphuric acid concentration on copper(Ⅱ) stripping had been studied. Extraction of copper increased with increasing extractant concentration with both the extractants. More than 97.45% of copper can be extracted from a typical bioleaching solution of PCBs after copper extraction was carried out using 10% N902 diluted in kerosene at O/A ratio of 1:1, while 97.14% of copper can be extracted using 20% RE609 diluted in kerosene at O/A ratio of 1:1. The stripping of copper loaded N902 and RE609 increased with increasing H2SO4 concentration, but stripping of the latter was lower than the former.More than 93.57% and 90.29%of copper can be stripped from the loaded N902 and RE609 stripped at 1:1 phase ratio with 1.8 M H2SO4 in a single stage.

Abstract: Rosin was used as raw material to prepare a rosin amide derivative. First, rosin was modified by acrylic acid with the weight ratio of 4.5:1. Then the modified rosin was reacted with diethyltriamine and the rosin amide derivative was produced under the following conditions: modified rosin and diethyltriamine mole ratio of 1:3.5, dimethylbenzene as water carrying agent, reaction temperature of 160-180 °C, and reaction time of 8h. The chemical structure of the product as a rosin amide derivative was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The anti-fungal activity of the derivative was determined in vitro with wood decay fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Paecilomyces variotii, Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum. The anti-fungal experiment results signified that the derivative is active vs. these fungi, but less effective with Aspergillus niger. Since it is produced easily from rosin, which is renewable and not expensive, this rosin amide could be a potential wood preservative.

Abstract: Electrokinetic experiments were conducted on two type of soil: kaolin and natural clay, to investigate the effects of treatment time and voltage gradient on the electroosmotic flow and contaminants removal. The results show that electroosmotic flow rate increases as the voltage gradient increased both in kaolin and natural clay. The voltage gradient and treatment time have also a pronounced effect on the migration of Cd in kaolin. The extent of Cd migration towards the cathode increases with the increasing of applied gradient or tests time. However, a high concentration of Cd was found near the cathode due to adsorption of Cd in the high pH condition. Electroosmotic flow from the anode toward the cathode promotes the development of a low pH environment in the soil and groundwater and in turn enhances the removal of the contaminants.

Abstract: In order to improve the decay resistance of wood as the renewable natural material of biological origin, an organic preservative, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC), was penetrated into wood matrix by supercritical CO2 as a carrier solvent. And the effectiveness of penetrating IPBC into wood matrix through SC-CO2 was also examined in terms of preservative distribution, leachability resistance of preservative as well as decay resistance of wood. The results indicate that the optimum penetration craft under the adopted conditions was pressure: 19MPa, temperature: 35°C, pressure time: 2.5h and time for releasing pressure: 20min. And under the optimum condition, the mechanical properties of SC-CO2 treated wood were not significantly affected. SEM-EDX analysis indicate that IPBC mainly distributed in wood matrix due to the higher penetration of supercritical CO2 as a carrier solvent, and its leachability was remarkably reduced after such penetration. The decay resistance of SC-CO2 treated wood against fungi attack was improved 90.96% over untreated wood, indicating effective decay resistance of wood after preservative penetration with SC-CO2.

Abstract: In order to promote building structure to be environmental friendly, light-weight and high-strength, a novel bamboo-steel composite wall is proposed. The composite wall is made up by sticking two pieces of bamboo plywood on the faces of a piece of profiled steel sheet utilizing structural glue. Taking thickness of the bamboo plywood and thickness and corrugation-height of the profiled steel sheet as variables, quasi-static tests were carried out on 5 specimens. Based on experimental phenomena and data, their earthquake resistant properties such as horizontal bearing capacity, ductility and energy dissipation and failure mechanism are analyzed. The results show that the bamboo plywood and profiled steel sheet can effectively work together, the composite walls possess wonderful seismic properties, and that changes of thickness or corrugation-height of profiled steel sheet make very sharp differences to the properties of the walls. Finally, a simplified mechanical model and calculation method for horizontal bearing capacity are proposed according to hysteresis curves within elastic range of these walls. The calculated values match well with the experimental ones.

Abstract: Pollution with Cr (VI) and Ni (II) waste water is frequently encountered together in practice, and the ferrite process carves out a new way for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the treatment of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) wastewater by the ferrite process.In this paper, the ferrite process of Cr (VI) and Ni (II) synthetic solution by hydrothermal reaction and its technological parameters was sdudied. The most optimum reaction conditions were explored: pH=9.0, temperature=70°C, stirring time=40min, stirring speed=120 rpm. Leaching toxicity of heavy metals from Ni–Cr ferrite prepared in the experiment was much lower than the regulated limit of Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), indicating that Ni–Cr ferrite had a better chemical stability. Therefore, the ferrite process is a feasible method with respect to the removal of chromium and nickel ions from wastewater.

Abstract: In the present study, we try to prepare hydrophobic film coated on stainless steel as the bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Magnetron sputtering (MS) was adoped to prepare the Cr3Ni2/Cr2N multi-layer coated on stainless steel. The corrosion resistance and electrical conductance of the coated substrate were tested. The water contact angles were measured. The film exhibits improved corrosion resistance and electrical conductance. The corrosion current is 0.58µA.cm-2 and the contact resistance at 240N.cm-2 is 8.5mΩ.cm2. Meanwhile, it is a kind of hydrophobic film with water contact angle of 107o. The performance shows strong dependance on microstructural characteristics. The nano-protrudes on the SS304/Cr3Ni2/Cr2N surface result in the film with hydrophobic property, just like the effect of lotus surface.

Abstract: Nowadays we usually use air bubble parameter to evaluate the freeing resistance. This method save time, water and electricity. However, this method is too simple to reduce the accuracy and limit its application. For changing this fact we stood the minimum observation Wire length and standard maintenance age influence on air Bubble parameters. Firstly According to air bladder spacing coefficient of the different traverse wire length, calculate the range and deviation coefficient. Secendly detect the antifreeze degree by rapid freeze-thawing test, finaly set up the regression equation among the air spacing coefficient of 3d,28d and 90d. In conclusion, wire length should take at least 2 times of the now minmum. We cannot directly use the spacing coefficient of bubble in 3d to evaluate the freezing resistance of the concrete structure. But we can use equation y = 0.356x +0.514 to convert that of 90d to 28d and evaluate the freezing resistance of the concrete structure.

Abstract: A novel method of microemulsion coupling with sol–gel process was used for preparation of porous silica using tetraethyl orthosilicate as silicon source. Effect of solvent and catalyst on the surface texture properties was investigated respectively. The results showed that porous silica with large specific surface area (738.65 m2/g) and high pore volume (2.01 cm3/g) was obtained. However, the mesopores in silica were arranged in disorder and showed great ununiformity in shape and arrangement. To obtain porous silica with desired texture properties, an appropriate dosage of ethanol and higher HCl concentration were needed.