Advanced Materials Research Vols. 393-395

Abstract: In this study, cellulose extracted from Eucalyptus by ethanol, formic acid and catalyst MIK was used for nano crystal cellulose (NCC) production. The main function of MIK was to protect the structure of cellulose. Kappa numbers, holocellulose and alpha-cellulose contents of the obtained cellulose were calculated and the results showed that this cellulose provided an effective source for NCC. NCC from this material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis.

Abstract: A comprehensive analysis of codon usage bias of DPV UL13 gene (GenBank Accession No. EU195098) was performed to provide a basis for understanding the relevant mechanism for its biased usage of synonymous codons and for selecting suitable expression systems to improve the expression of UL13 genes. Our study showed that codon usage bias of DPV UL13 gene strongly prefered to the synonymous with A and T at the third codon position. And ENC value and GC3s contents of the codon usage bias of UL13 gene in DPV were significantly different compared with those in other 21 reference herpesviruses. The phylogentic analysis about the putative protein of DPV UL13 and the 21 reference herpesviruses revealed that DPV was evolutionarily closer to the AnHV-1. In addition, the codon usage bias of DPV UL13 gene was compared with those of E. coli, yeast and human. There are 23 codons showing distinct usage differences between DPV and E. coli, 12 codons between DPV and yeast, 21 codons between DPV and human. Therefore, the yeast expression system is more appropriate for heterologous expression of the DPV UL13 gene.

Abstract: Mutations of p53 and K-ras gene have been proven to play important roles in human tumor progression. Point mutations of p53 gene located in codon 282 and K-ras gene located in codons 61 are both gene hot spot mutation regions in patients with gastric cancer. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments included codon 282 of p53 and codon 61 of K-ras gene. The PCR fragments were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) combined with CE and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Forty-two gastric cancer patients were analyzed using two developed method. P53 gene mutation was found in 24 cases (57.2 %) and K-ras were 17 cases (40.5 %). The results showed that p53 and K-ras gene mutation in gastric cancer tissue is a usual event, and the SSCP-CE was feasible for mutation detection of p53 and K-ras gene in populations. Combined detection of p53 and K-ras gene mutations of gastric cancer tissue by PCR-SSCP has a certain value to diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Abstract: This study aimed to compare the biomass and oil productivity from three selected microalgae strains (Botryocococcus braunii, Scenedesmus dimorphus, and Nannochlorpsis sp) using livestock wastewater for dual purposes of biofuel production and animal waste nutrient removal. The selected algal strains were batch-wise cultivated in the laboratory in Basal medium and livestock wastewater with optimal nutrient concentration. The results indicated that all three algae strains grew better in 50% autoclaved wastewater than in Basal medium. The maximum lipid yield of B. braunii, S. dimorphus, and N. sp were 0.61 g/l (38.88% lipid content), 0.69 g/l (61.76% lipid content), and 1.32 g/l (37.47% lipid content) all in 50% autoclaved wastewater. N and P in wastewater were completely removed by the three selected strains at day 21, respectively.

Abstract: In this paper, a novel method to construct the compactly supported wavelet under a mild condition. The constructed wavelet satisfies the vanishing moment condition which is originated from the symbols of the scaling function.

Abstract: In view of occasion that the coating/metal system served in atmosphere inevitably occurs the local degradation and thus results the exposure of metal, an electrochemical cell to simulate such system was built up. By using this cell, the corrosion behavior of epoxy coating/carbon steel system covered by a thin layer of electrolyte of 3wt% NaCl solution under the wet-dry cycles was investigated with using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the corrosion rate of exposed steel reaches the largest value at the 4th wet-dry cycle and then gradually decreases, however, the corrosion rate of coated steel reaches maximum at the 6th cycle and then decreases slowly to a steady-state with cycles. Furthermore, the ions diffusion and migration between the open electrolyte layer covering on the exposed metal and the confined layer under the coating cause the corrosion products onto the exposed steel to present the layered ladder morphology from the centre of exposed steel to its periphery, however, the corrosion product formed under the coating has radial ripple morphology.

Abstract: The orthogonal L9 (3)4 method was used to analyze the effect of a few processing parameters on crystallinity of pretreated miscanthus. The optimal conditions were: the miscanthus concentration was 30mg per gram of solvent, the temperature and time for dissolution were 120°C and 2 h respectively, and aqueous K3PO4 was used for precipitation. For these optimal conditions, the crystallinity index is about 41%, significantly lower than that of new miscanthus whose crystallinity index is 64%. A decrease in crystallinity favors efficient hydrolysis of cellulose to sugars that can be fermented to ethanol.

Abstract: Using pitfall traps, ground-dwelling beetle assemblages were investigated in Nanwenghe National Reserve, a typical Cold Temperate Zone wetland from Northeast China between 2009 and 2010. 9 sites comprised 3 habitat types, higher normal forest HNF, lower frozen forest LFF and lower frozen grass LFG were selected, and total of 1,289 individuals, consisting of 112 species were indentified. July and August had the peaks in diversity, richness and abundance. Rarefaction estimates of species richness indicated that traps in HNF had more species and individuals than LFF and LFG. According to the feeding habit, guilds was divided into four parts: Predators PR, Phytophagous PH, Scavengers SC, Fungivores FU, and PR>PH>SC>FU in quantity at both species and individual level, which suggested that the ground-dwelling beetles played an important role in substances cycle and energy flow of wetland ecosystem. Eretes sticticus, Cicindela hybrida, Pentodon mongolicus etc. displayed some particularities in different habitats, so the possibility that ground-dwelling beetles as indicator of quality of wetland or habitat environment was also discussed.

Abstract: The choice of strains directly relate to the yield of cheeses, the time of processing cheeses, their maturity time, flavors, and their functional characteristics. In this paper, the main strain used to make Mozzarella cheese was TCC-3, which contain Lactobacillus bulgaricus subsp. Thermophilus and Streptococcus thermophilic subsp. while the auxiliary starters we chose were Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus helveticus. The reduced fat Mozzarella cheese was made from partially skimmed milk(milk containing 18 g of milk-fat L-1) and 9 g corn oil W1/O/W2 multiple emulsions(stabilized by amidated carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)), which deviated greatly from previous fat substitutes, the control group cheese was made with TCC-3 only(0.23g / 5L milk). Through mixture experiment design, we got 9 different groups, which the proportion of the three cultures was different. Through comparing natures of the 9 groups, we concluded that, the group (TCC-3: 0.005%; Lactobacillus casei: 0.004%; Lactobacillus helveticus: 0%) was the best one in improving quality, because it not only increased species of flavor compounds, but also had a great help for functional properties such as stretchability, meltability and so on. Also we confirmed that lactobacillus helveticus was not suitable for auxiliary ferment in our research.

Abstract: This paper studies the effect of fly ash on expansion properties of mortar and concrete with the addition of expansive agents. It concludes that fly ash have different influence on the expansive effect of concrete with addition of expansive agents, the original fly ash hardly has any effect on the expansion properties of mortar and concrete with the addition of expansive agents. But, the milled fly ash has great effect on expansion properties of mortar and concrete with the addition of expansive agents, and the more the milled fly ash is added, the greater the effect is. Even if content of the original fly ash is over 30 percent, the value of expansive rate of mortar and concrete with addition of the original fly ash is as high as that of mortar and concrete without addition of fly ash. When the content of milled fly ash is over 10 percent, the effect on the expansion properties is weakened. When fly ash and expansive agent added to concrete at the same time, fly ash the original fly ash must be used.