Advanced Materials Research Vols. 393-395

Abstract: In the pilot-scale plant, the effect of internal recycle ratios (300%, 200%, 100%, and 0%) on the biological phosphorus removal was represented. The denitrifying phosphorus removal in anoxic tank was improved with low internal recycle, under the inhibition of high concentration of NOx-N. To low level strength wastewater (average COD 185.6 mg/L, average BOD 115.2 mg/L), the low level carbon source maintained the relatively steady phosphorus removal rates.

Abstract: Milk samples with low (L-SCC, 130,000/ml), medium (M-SCC, 1,040,000/ml) and high(H-SCC, 3,120,000/ml) Somatic Cell Counts (SCC) were obtained from a dairy farm. In order to evaluate the quality’s changes of Low-fat mozzarella cheese with different SCC during ripening period, the change of texture properties, microstructure were measured. With the increase of somatic cells in milk, the structure of the cheese became worse.

Abstract: In order to improve the total soybean oil rate and reduce the amount of emulsion in enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction, succinic anhydride was used to modify the protein in the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The amount of the enzyme, liquid to material ratio, additive amount of succinic anhydride, hydrolysis time and the influence of modification time on the total oil rate were studied in this experiment. Response surface analysis method was employed to optimize experimental parameters. The total oil extraction rate was 94.49 ± 0.98% when the optimum parameters were chosen as follows: enzyme additive amount 2.83%, liquid to material ratio 6.34, additive amount of succinic anhydride 2.95%, hydrolysis time 2.53h and modification time 2.48h.

Abstract: Wear debris and metal ion release generated during application of biomedical devices would cause adverse cellular response, inflammation and pain in the human body. Modifying of implant surface with rutile structure is one of the methods to reduce these problems. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of thermal oxidation temperature on surface morphology and structure of the Ti13Nb13Zr biomedical material. The substrates were heated at varied temperatures of 550°C, 700°C and 850°C for 9 hours and cooled inside muffle furnace at a constant rate of 5oC/min. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffractive were employed to evaluate the surface morphology and analyze the structure of the oxidized substrates respectively. All thermally oxidized samples exhibit the presence of oxides without spallation regardless of the thermal oxidation temperatures. Surface morphology of oxidized substrates changes from smooth to nodular particles-like shape when the oxidation temperature increases from low to high. Rutile structure dominants the surface area when the substrate is thermally oxidized at 850 °C.

Abstract: The effects and mechanism of different concentration organic acids and organic salts solution on Al availability of dark brown forest soil were studied. It was resulted that, oxalic acid/oxalate and citric acid/citrate substantially stimulated soil Al release of dark brown forest soil. The effect of organic acids/salts on Al release would be strengthen with increasing of their concentrations.The contents of Al released from A1 horizon was higher than that from B horizon. Organic salt solutions had much higher effects than organic acid the same in concentration, i.e. citrate>citric acid, oxalate>oxalic acid. Therefore, the mechanism of organic acid/salts triggering release of soil Al was assumed to be dominated by complexation reactions of organic anions. Citric acid/ citrate had much higher effect than oxalic acid/ oxalate at same concentration to A1 and B horizons, i.e. citrate> oxalate, citric acid>oxalic acid, which was primarily related with the greater complexing capacities and dissociation constants of citric acid.

Abstract: By simulating oxalic and citric acid concentrations in forest litter leachates,a series of experiments were conducted to study the effects of oxalic acid and citric acid solutions on chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings.It resulted that, organic acids of appropriate concentrations increased chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents varied more than carotenoid content, and 1.0mmol/L solution was best. To photosynthesis, the variability treads of net photosynthetic rates with organic acids were probably consistent to those with distilled water, but the values all increased, and 5.0mmol/L solution was best. Effects of different organic acids on chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis followed the series: citric acid >oxalic acid, and it might be relative to chemical structure, dissociation constants and organic ligand-metal stabilities of two kinds of organic acids.

Abstract: In this study, the pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) amounts, total viable counts (TVC) of microbial flora, and the sensory quality of liquid-smoked tilapia fillets were analyzed under different storage conditions. Lengthy storage caused, the smoked flavor to disappear and juice seeped from the samples. Over time, it was found that the pH of the products decreased and then subsequently increased, whilst the amount of TVB-N showed an overall increasing trend. Under all storage conditions tested, the TVC of microbial flora slowly increased, followed by a sharp increase, and then stabilized. These results showed that vacuum-packed products stored at low temperatures were highly stable; hence this storage method can effectively guarantee the quality of liquid-smoked tilapia fillets and the extension of the shelf life.

Abstract: Ethylene is a kind of plant hormones, which can promote postharvest fruit mature and age rotten. Banana is a typical type of after-ripening fruit, and very sensitive to ethylene, and it can get decay easily in the process of transportation and selling, which results in shortened shelf life. Considering the situations above, self-made with zeolite that adsorption of ethylene. And then to have the zeolite melted blending with the LDPE film, prepared five kinds of different modified films with ethylene adsorption. Through experiment and analyzing the quality changes of banana packaged in those five modified films, the following conclusion that LDPE with 2% zeolite had a better preservation of bananas was obtain.

Abstract: A detailed electroporation protocol had been established for Lactobacillus brevis TCCC13007. To optimize the conditions for electroporation of L. brevis TCCC13007, an E. coli-Lactobacillus shuttle vector, pMG36e-1 was used. Several experiments that involved manipulation of cell wall weakening agent, electric field strength, electroporation buffer, concentration of transforming plasmid were carried out. Treatment of the recipient L. brevis TCCC13007 with 2% glycine in the growth medium for 3 h improved transformation efficiency. Other electroporation parameters were an electric field strength of 10 kv/cm and plasmid concentration of 0.9 μg. The presence of sorbitol in the electroporation buffer improved the transformation efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, the transformation efficiency was up to 5.1×10⁴ transformants per μg of pMG36e-1. The L. brevis TCCC13007 was also transformed by other plasmids such as pMG36e, pMG36e-2, pGK12, pLP825, pLP82H, respectively. The ability to electroporate plasmid DNA provided a tool for Lactobacillus’s molecular bioengineering to improve their industrial performance.

Abstract: Swine and canine influenza, which is acute viral respiratory infectious disease, can do great threat to the health of people and animals. What’s more, swine as an intermediate host for the transmission of avian influenza viruses to humans, it’s very important to supervise the epidemiological situation of swine influenza virus (SIV) infections all over the world. The major aim of this paper was to investigate the epidemiological situation of influenza A viruses in laboratory swine and dogs in shanghai and surrounding area from January 2010 to March 2011. There were 109 throat swabs collected from swine and 35 from dogs. Based on RT-PCR, we have got only one swine influenza virus-positive sample and none canine influenza virus-positive. In addition, this survey not only gives a data about the epidemiological situation of swine and canine influenza, but also provides a basis and guarantee for taking a timely and effective security measures.