Advanced Materials Research Vols. 393-395

Abstract: In order to increase the extraction rate of flavonoids from mungbean skin, twin-screw extrusion process was used as a pretreatment method. After optimizing conditions of twin-screw extrusion process, effects on ethanol extracting flavonoids were studied. Results revealed that the best extrusion conditions were: screw speed at 268r/min, extrusion temperature at 115~120°C, feed moisture at 17% and feeding rate at 726g/min. Under these conditions, the optimum condition for ethanol extraction of flavonoids was: using 38% ethanol solution at a material-liquid ratio of 1:20 at 77.5 °C with 2.5 h. The average extraction rate of flavonoids from mungbean skin was 3.14%, comparing to rate of un-extruded material 2.07%, extraction rate raised by 51.5%. This pretreatment can destroy the density structure of mungbean skin which has great effect on the increase of extraction rate of flavonoids.

Abstract: As to figure out the effect that modified fly ash, which is prepared by fly ash –CaO, and modified fly ash dust layer attached on the surface of the filter material adsorbed elemental mercury, experimental studies are administrated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor system with gaseous elemental mercury produced by a mercury vapor generator and simulated flue gas composition. The experimental results indicated that the adsorption performance of fly ash and CaO relatively poor. The proportion of CaO in the modified fly ash will affected the mercury removal efficiency of the absorbent which prepared by fly ash and CaO. It will be an optimal effect when the blend ratio of the flying ash and CaO is 2 to 1, and the maximum removal efficiency is up to 34%.As the adsorption temperature increases the removal efficiency of the modified fly ash deteriorates. The efficiency of dust layer attaching on the surface of the filter material is getting higher with the larger porosity of dust layer and smaller particle material size.

Abstract: As the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) is very applicable to the wastewater treatment plant of Chinese small town, we studied about the performance of ABR at different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRTs) 、the degradation effect of the four compartments of ABR and the effect of temperature to the degradation, to offer the useful reference and instruction for actual operation.

Abstract: In order to explore the impact on resistance from the structural parameters of clean filter materials used in air purification, filter resistance testing stand is built to test the selected materials. The comparison between experimental results and theoretical calculation indicates that the non-uniform distribution of fiber needs to be amended. Meanwhile, based on the experimental study of the influence on filter material resistance from filtration rate, porosity, fiber fineness and the thickness, the influence formulas are concluded. The value ranges of the factors’ influence are significantly instructive in reducing material resistance.

Abstract: The Alkaline-organic-solvent Method was employed to extract astaxanthin from shrimp shell in this work. The results demonstrated that the optimum extraction temperature was 20°C, the optimum ratio of extraction agent to sample is 1:3. Centrifugal thin layer chromatography was used to purify the astaxanthin and the optimum developer was petroleum, acetone and methanol (14:5:1). The FT-IR spectra and the HPLC analysis both demonstrated the purified substance was identical with standard astaxanthin and the content of astaxanthin account for 55.4%.

Abstract: Nano-Nickel (Ni0) powders have been successfully prepared via the reduction of nanosized NiO powders by the solid state reaction. And the nanosized NiO powders were derived from low temperature (350°C) calcinations in muffle in air of nanosized Ni(OH)2 powders firstly prepared by the room temperature solid state reaction between NiSO4•6H2O and NaOH by H2 at 400°C for 4 h. The crystallinity, microstructure of surface and xps property of obtained nickel powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the obtained nanosized Ni powders for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline was investigated. The results show that the spherical Ni parepared in particle sizes ranges from 20 to 25 nm and achieves enhanced catalytic activity for hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline compared with Raney Ni.

Abstract: The application of nitrate is an accepted procedure to manage eutrophication municipal rivers by controlling the phosphorus release from sediments into overlying water and offering electron acceptor for microorganism metabolism. In situ laboratory studies were carried out in simulated reactors to evaluate the potential of ferric nitrate for remediation municipal river sediment. Ferric nitrate could greatly improve the ability of bio-treatment properties for sediment. Two dose remediation experiment of ferric nitrate (70g and 35g per square meter) was carried out lasting 28 weeks. Observations showed that ferric nitrate could suppressed the release of phosphorus from the sediments. At the same time the TN concentration could reduce to common level compared to blank reactor by denitrification. As a whole the dose of 35g per square meter ferric nitrate is better. The results suggest that knowledge of a municipal river’s nitrogen budget may be a useful tool in the design of municipal river remediation efforts.

Abstract: Ecological restoration is not only a natural process, but also economic process of inputs and outputs. In this paper, using game theory, we identify the potential outcome by the extent of restoration of ecosystem services and processes, hoping to further analysis of the effects of economic behaviors in ecological restoration process.

Abstract: Graft modification is a common means to improve performance of natural polymers. Graft modification of collagen with acrylonitrile in zinc chloride aqueous solution was developed to apply in improvement moisture absorption of synthetic fiber. Polymerization yield, graft ratio and graft efficiency increase at first and then decline following monomer concentration, they reach the top when monomer concentration is 7.0 wt%. Graft ratio and graft efficiency increase at first and then decline following initiator concentration, they reach the top when initiator concentration is 0.2 wt%. Polymerization yield consistently rises with the increasing initiator concentration. Polymerization yield, graft ratio and graft efficiency drop with the increasing collagen concentration. The optimal reaction conditions are: reaction time , 90min; reaction temperature, 60°C; monomer concentration, 7.0 wt%; initiator concentration, 0.2 wt%.

Abstract: N-doped titania was synthesized by a one step hydrothermal method, which is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The samples prepared by hydrothermal method demonstrate higher photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue under xenon lamp which has similar spectra to solar light, and also is much superior to that of the commercial P25. In addition, the samples prepared by hydrothermal treatment could severely influence the crystal lattice structure. Morever, N-doped titania can further enhacnce the photocatalytic activity effectively, and hydrothermal treatment is a very suitable method for the synthesis of N-doped titania. This excellent performance could endow the as-prepared P-doped titania potential in purifying wastewater.